Febriani Andi Dwi Bahagia, Daud Dasril, Rauf Syarifuddin, Nawing Herry Demokrasi, Ganda Idham Jaya, Salekede Setia Budi, Angriani Hadia, Maddeppungeng Martira, Juliaty Aidah, Alasiry Ema, Artaty Ratna Dewi, Lawang St Aizah, Ridha Nadirah Rasyid, Laompo Amiruddin, Rahimi Rahmawaty, Aras Jusli, Sarmila Besse
Deapartment of Pediatrics, Hasanuddin University's Faculty of Medicine, DR Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital, Makassar, Indonesia.
Pediatr Gastroenterol Hepatol Nutr. 2020 Sep;23(5):457-463. doi: 10.5223/pghn.2020.23.5.457. Epub 2020 Aug 27.
To analyze risk factors and various nutrients associated with stunting among children aged 6-60 months.
This is a case-control and cross-sectional study between 40 stunting cases and 40 controls. Data on possible risk factors associated with stunting were obtained through direct interviews and using a questionnaire. Examination of vitamin D, zinc, albumin, and ferritin levels was performed on both groups. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 23.0 (IBM Co., Armonk, NY, USA) to determine risk factors for stunting and to assess the relationship between nutritional levels and stunting.
The incidence of stunting was highest in children aged 12-36 months. Children with low weight and very low weight for age comprised of 55% and 22.5%, respectively, of the study participants. The highest mother's educational level was junior high school (40%). History of low birth weight (LBW) was more commonly observed in the stunting group than that in the control group (25.0% and 7.5%, respectively; =0.034, odds ratio, 0.310 [95% confidence interval, 0.122-0.789]). Approximately 7.5% of cases had premature birth. Exclusive breast feeding was found to be not correlated with stunting. The mean zinc level in the stunting group was 34.17 ng/mL, which was different from that in the control group (50.83 ng/mL) (=0.023). Blood ferritin, vitamin D, albumin, and calcium levels were not strongly correlated with stunting.
LBW is the main risk factor contributing to stunting and is strongly associated with low zinc level.
分析6至60个月儿童发育迟缓的风险因素及各种营养素。
这是一项病例对照和横断面研究，包括40例发育迟缓病例和40例对照。通过直接访谈和问卷调查获取与发育迟缓相关的可能风险因素数据。对两组进行维生素D、锌、白蛋白和铁蛋白水平检测。使用IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows 23.0版（美国纽约州阿蒙克市IBM公司）分析数据，以确定发育迟缓的风险因素，并评估营养水平与发育迟缓之间的关系。
发育迟缓发生率在12至36个月儿童中最高。体重低和年龄别体重极低的儿童分别占研究参与者的55%和22.5%。母亲的最高教育水平为初中（40%）。低出生体重史在发育迟缓组中比对照组更常见（分别为25.0%和7.5%；P=0.034，优势比，0.310[95%置信区间，0.122 - 0.789]）。约7.5%的病例有早产情况。纯母乳喂养与发育迟缓无相关性。发育迟缓组的平均锌水平为34.17 ng/mL，与对照组（50.83 ng/mL）不同（P=0.023）。血铁蛋白、维生素D、白蛋白和钙水平与发育迟缓无强相关性。
低出生体重是导致发育迟缓的主要风险因素，且与低锌水平密切相关。
