Maksimiuk Marta, Sobiborowicz Aleksandra, Tuzimek Agnieszka, Deptała Andrzej, Czerw Aleksandra, Badowska-Kozakiewicz Anna Maria
Cancer Cell Biology Students Research Group, Medical University, Warsaw, Poland.
Department of Cancer Prevention, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University, Warsaw, Poland.
Ann Agric Environ Med. 2020 Sep 11;27(3):326-334. doi: 10.26444/aaem/111759. Epub 2019 Sep 6.
αB-crystallin belongs to the ubiquitous family of small heat-shock proteins. It was discovered as a physiological protein of the eye lens, maintaining its liquid-like property. Furthermore, αB-crystallin was proved to playa bipolar role in both physiological and pathophysiological conditions. This review discusses current knowledge about the biology and genetics of αB-crystallin, and summarizes recent advances in understanding its role in ophthalmic and neurological disorders, as well as breast cancer, renal cancer and other malignancies.
α-crystallins are established as important elements of the protein quality control network, and consequently their defects are related to multiple human diseases. New studies highlight αB-crystallin's involvement in proliferative diabetic retinopathy angiogenesis and point out its therapeutic potential in age-related macular degeneration. αB-crystallin is thought to be associated with the disease-causing protein aggregates, leading to its connection with such neurological disturbances as anaplastic astrocytoma, Parkinson disease, aging deficits in the peripheral nervous system and multiple sclerosis. In breast cancer, it was proven to be a marker of aggressive behaviur and cerebral metastases. Strong expression of αB-crystallin promoted growth and migration of clear cell renal cell carcinoma cells and was correlated with lower overall survival rate. Considering other malignancies, its various roles were established in colorectal and gastric cancers, head and neck squamous cell carcinomas and osteosarcomas.
Further studies concerning αB-crystallin seem to be enormously promising, as they might improve our understanding of common human pathologies as well as contemporary diagnostics and treatment.
αB-晶状体蛋白属于普遍存在的小分子热休克蛋白家族。它最初是作为眼晶状体的一种生理蛋白被发现的，维持着晶状体的类液体性质。此外，αB-晶状体蛋白在生理和病理生理条件下都发挥着双重作用。本综述讨论了关于αB-晶状体蛋白生物学和遗传学的现有知识，并总结了在理解其在眼科和神经疾病以及乳腺癌、肾癌和其他恶性肿瘤中作用方面的最新进展。
α-晶状体蛋白已被确认为蛋白质质量控制网络的重要组成部分，因此其缺陷与多种人类疾病相关。新的研究强调了αB-晶状体蛋白在增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变血管生成中的作用，并指出其在年龄相关性黄斑变性中的治疗潜力。αB-晶状体蛋白被认为与致病蛋白聚集体有关，这导致了它与间变性星形细胞瘤、帕金森病、外周神经系统衰老缺陷和多发性硬化症等神经紊乱的关联。在乳腺癌中，它被证明是侵袭性行为和脑转移的标志物。αB-晶状体蛋白的强表达促进了透明细胞肾癌细胞的生长和迁移，并与较低的总生存率相关。考虑到其他恶性肿瘤，它在结直肠癌、胃癌、头颈部鳞状细胞癌和骨肉瘤中也发挥着多种作用。
关于αB-晶状体蛋白的进一步研究似乎极具前景，因为它们可能会增进我们对常见人类疾病以及当代诊断和治疗的理解。
