Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, S-20502 Malmö, Sweden.
Reproductive, Maternal, Newborn, Child and Adolescent Health Division, MAMTA Health Institute for Mother and Child, New Delhi, India.
J Epidemiol Glob Health. 2020 Dec;10(4):315-325. doi: 10.2991/jegh.k.200515.002. Epub 2020 May 25.
Pre-school age (3-5 years) children are vulnerable to malnutrition due to poor dietary intake, dietary habits, and socio-economic conditions. Children from marginalized families are more vulnerable than non-marginalized families due to limited access to health- and nutrition-related services, besides other socio-economic factors. This study was done to assess the dietary intakes, patterns, and determinants of pre-school age (3-5 years) children from marginalized populations in two districts of Odisha. We used three different questionnaires, namely general demographic information, single 24-h recall dietary survey, and food frequency questionnaire, to collect data. Dietary patterns were obtained using principal component analysis, and the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) method was applied to estimate the prevalence of inadequate intake. A general linear model of regression was used to investigate the relationship of dietary patterns scores with independent variables. A total of 86 boys (57.3%) and 64 girls (42.7%) were recruited for the study. The majority (more than two-third) of the children had <70% of RDA of iron, vitamin C, and zinc. The three dietary components that best described the dietary patterns among children in the study were vegetarian, non-vegetarian, and mixed patterns. They explained 54.9% of the variability. The 'vegetarian' dietary pattern was inversely associated with children whose mothers were illiterate ( = 0.005), who lived in families having per capita family monthly income less than INR 786 (10.3 US$) ( = 0.007), and who were first born ( = 0.04). The dietary patterns may help interventionists in designing programs aimed at preventing malnutrition and chronic diseases among children in marginalized communities.
学前儿童（3-5 岁）由于不良的饮食摄入、饮食习惯和社会经济条件而容易营养不良。与非边缘化家庭相比，边缘化家庭的儿童由于获得健康和营养相关服务的机会有限，以及其他社会经济因素，更容易受到影响。本研究旨在评估奥里萨邦两个地区边缘化人群中学前儿童（3-5 岁）的饮食摄入、模式和决定因素。我们使用了三种不同的问卷，即一般人口统计学信息、单一 24 小时回顾性饮食调查和食物频率问卷来收集数据。使用主成分分析获得饮食模式，应用推荐膳食允许量（RDA）方法估计摄入不足的流行率。使用一般线性回归模型的回归来研究饮食模式得分与自变量之间的关系。共有 86 名男孩（57.3%）和 64 名女孩（42.7%）被招募参加研究。大多数（超过三分之二）儿童的铁、维生素 C 和锌的 RDA 摄入量<70%。在研究中的儿童中，最好描述饮食模式的三种饮食成分是素食、非素食和混合模式。它们解释了 54.9%的可变性。“素食”饮食模式与母亲不识字的儿童（ = 0.005）、家庭人均月收入低于 INR 786（10.3 美元）的家庭（ = 0.007）和第一个出生的儿童（ = 0.04）呈负相关。饮食模式可能有助于干预者设计旨在预防边缘化社区儿童营养不良和慢性病的计划。
