Food Safety Research Center (Salt), Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Phytother Res. 2021 Feb;35(2):846-863. doi: 10.1002/ptr.6877. Epub 2020 Sep 22.
Hypertension is one of the main risk factors for cardiovascular disease and causes widespread morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although several antihypertensive drugs have been proposed for management of high blood pressure, changing lifestyle, including diet, has attracted interest recently. In this sense, consumption of fruits and vegetables, which are rich in vitamins, minerals, and phytochemicals, has been assigned as an efficient therapeutics. Berry fruits contain various bioactive compounds with potential health implications such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory properties. The main mechanisms responsible for antihypertensive activity mainly arise from the activity of flavonoids, minerals, and vitamins, as well as fibers. The objective of this review is to provide a summary of studies regarding the effect of berry fruits on the hypertensive animals and humans. The mechanisms involved in reducing blood pressure by each group of compounds have been highlighted. It can be concluded that berries' bioactive compounds are efficient in mitigation of hypertension through improvement of vascular function, angiotensin-converting enzyme's (ACE) inhibitory activity, increasing endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activity, and nitric oxide (NO) production, besides anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities. These fruits can be considered as potential sources of invaluable compounds for development of antihypertensive foods and pharmaceuticals.
高血压是心血管疾病的主要危险因素之一，在全球范围内造成广泛的发病率和死亡率。尽管已经提出了几种降压药物来治疗高血压，但改变生活方式，包括饮食，最近引起了人们的兴趣。在这种情况下，富含维生素、矿物质和植物化学物质的水果和蔬菜的消费已被认为是一种有效的治疗方法。浆果含有多种具有潜在健康影响的生物活性化合物，如抗氧化、抗菌、抗癌和抗炎特性。负责降压活性的主要机制主要源于类黄酮、矿物质和维生素以及纤维的活性。本综述的目的是提供关于浆果类水果对高血压动物和人类影响的研究综述。强调了每组化合物通过降低血压的作用机制。可以得出结论，浆果的生物活性化合物通过改善血管功能、血管紧张素转换酶（ACE）抑制活性、增加内皮型一氧化氮合酶（eNOS）活性和一氧化氮（NO）产生，以及抗氧化和抗炎活性，有效地缓解高血压。这些水果可以被认为是开发抗高血压食品和药物的有价值化合物的潜在来源。
