Hand J W
Recent Results Cancer Res. 1987;104:1-23. doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-82955-0_1.
This chapter has discussed some recent technical developments and trends in clinical hyperthermia. Several techniques for the treatment of tumours within 3-4 cm of the body surfaces were described. Each technique has its minor advantages and disadvantages; all techniques employing a single applicator produce temperature distributions with considerable gradients. The introduction of microwave and ultrasound techniques using multiple applicators in which there is some control of the pattern of the energy deposition within the treatment area should improve superficial treatments in this respect. A number of electromagnetic devices for regional hyperthermia are being developed and evaluated. The theoretical predictions of their performances are beginning to suggest restrictions to their use; the limited clinical experience is in general agreement with these predictions. Scanned and focussed ultrasound beams may offer the unique possibility of non-invasive, deep, yet localised hyperthermia in some locations. Such systems are at an early stage of their development; if they prove successful, their controlled and safe use will require detailed information of the temperature distributions produced. Invasive methods for inducing hyperthermia can produce relatively good temperature distributions. The development of 'constant temperature seeds' is promising. Both RF and microwave interstitial systems offering individual control of power to several channels should lead to improved temperature distributions. In general, non-invasive thermometry in clinical hyperthermia remains a distant goal, although developments in microwave radiometry may lead to systems with suitable spatial, temporal and temperature resolutions for use in superficial treatments. Invasive thermometry techniques can provide temperature measurements from several points or from along tracks within the treatment volume. The development of computer models to infer temperature distributions from the limited information available will be a major step in quantifying hyperthermal treatments.
本章讨论了临床热疗领域的一些最新技术进展和趋势。介绍了几种用于治疗距离体表3 - 4厘米范围内肿瘤的技术。每种技术都有其微小的优缺点；所有使用单个施源器的技术所产生的温度分布都存在相当大的梯度。在这方面，引入能对治疗区域内能量沉积模式进行一定控制的多施源器微波和超声技术应能改善浅表治疗效果。目前正在研发和评估多种用于区域热疗的电磁设备。对其性能的理论预测开始显示出对其使用的限制；有限的临床经验总体上与这些预测相符。扫描和聚焦超声束可能在某些部位提供非侵入性、深部且局部热疗的独特可能性。此类系统尚处于早期开发阶段；如果证明成功，其安全可控的使用将需要有关所产生温度分布的详细信息。用于诱导热疗的侵入性方法可以产生相对较好的温度分布。“恒温籽源”的开发很有前景。能够单独控制多个通道功率的射频和微波间质系统应能改善温度分布。总体而言，临床热疗中的非侵入性测温仍是一个遥远的目标，不过微波辐射测量技术的发展可能会催生适用于浅表治疗、具有合适空间、时间和温度分辨率的系统。侵入性测温技术可以从治疗区域内的多个点或沿轨迹进行温度测量。开发计算机模型以根据有限的可用信息推断温度分布将是量化热疗的重要一步。
