噩梦困扰问卷：相关因素
Nightmare Distress Questionnaire: associated factors.
作者信息
Schredl Michael, Schramm Finnja, Valli Katja, Mueller Erik M, Sandman Nils
机构信息
Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
Psychology Department, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
出版信息
J Clin Sleep Med. 2021 Jan 1;17(1):61-67. doi: 10.5664/jcsm.8824.
STUDY OBJECTIVES
The diagnosis of a nightmare disorder is based on clinically significant distress caused by the nightmares, eg, sleep or mood disturbances during the day. The question what factors might be associated with nightmare distress in addition to nightmares frequency is not well studied.
METHODS
Overall, 1,474 persons (893 women, 581 men) completed an online survey. Nightmare distress was measured with the Nightmare Distress Questionnaire.
RESULTS
The findings indicated that nightmare distress, measured by the Nightmare Distress Questionnaire, correlated with a variety of factors in addition to nightmare frequency: neuroticism, female sex, low education, extraversion, low agreeableness, and sensation seeking. Moreover, the percentage of replicative trauma-related nightmares was also associated with higher nightmare distress.
CONCLUSIONS
A large variety of factors are associated with nightmare distress, a finding that is of clinical importance. The construct harm avoidance, however, was not helpful in explaining interindividual differences in nightmare distress. Furthermore, the relationship between nightmare distress and other factors, eg, education or agreeableness, is not yet understood.
研究目标
噩梦障碍的诊断基于噩梦所引起的具有临床意义的痛苦，例如白天的睡眠或情绪障碍。除了噩梦频率之外，哪些因素可能与噩梦痛苦相关这一问题尚未得到充分研究。
方法
总共1474人（893名女性，581名男性）完成了一项在线调查。使用噩梦痛苦问卷来测量噩梦痛苦程度。
结果
研究结果表明，通过噩梦痛苦问卷测量的噩梦痛苦程度，除了与噩梦频率相关外，还与多种因素相关：神经质、女性性别、低学历、外向性、低宜人性和寻求刺激。此外，与重复性创伤相关的噩梦的比例也与更高的噩梦痛苦程度相关。
结论
多种因素与噩梦痛苦相关，这一发现具有临床重要性。然而，避免伤害这一构念在解释个体间噩梦痛苦的差异方面并无帮助。此外，噩梦痛苦与其他因素（如教育程度或宜人性）之间的关系尚不清楚。
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