Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Ciencias Policiales (IUICP, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
J Forensic Sci. 2021 Jan;66(1):135-148. doi: 10.1111/1556-4029.14583. Epub 2020 Sep 23.
Palmprints have been systematically less studied than fingerprints, despite being of great use in the identification process. In Spain, they were not included in Automated Fingerprint Identification Systems (AFIS) until 2009. Very few investigations performed within the field of palmprints have assessed the sexual and population variability of the number and distribution of minutiae on its surface, despite the fact that these particularities are the basis for personal identification in forensic science. That is why a study was conducted to assess total, bimanual, and sexual density per morphological regions (superior or distal, thenar, and hypothenar) and per counting areas of 1 cm on 120 palmprints obtained from 30 male and 30 female individuals of Spanish nationality. Also, the frequency in the location of each type of delta or triradius (a, b, c, d, and t) per count area was calculated. Results have shown a topological variability in the distribution of the density of minutiae, which is similar between sexes and a specular effect between both hands. The most frequent locations of the deltas coincide with areas of high minutiae density. It has also been shown that there are sexual differences in the total number of minutiae, which cannot be due to sexual dimorphism in adult hand size, since minutiae are established at an early stage of fetal development and their number will not change during later postnatal growth. These differences can only be attributed to genetic factors related to sexual determination.
掌纹的研究一直不如指纹系统，尽管它们在识别过程中有很大的用处。在西班牙，直到 2009 年，掌纹才被纳入自动指纹识别系统（AFIS）。在掌纹领域进行的极少数研究评估了掌纹表面细节数和分布的性别和人群变异性，尽管这些特殊性是法医鉴定中个人身份识别的基础。这就是为什么进行了一项研究，以评估从 30 名男性和 30 名女性西班牙国籍个体中获得的 120 个掌纹的总、双手和每平方厘米的密度（分为优势或远端、大鱼际和小鱼际）和每 1 平方厘米计数区。此外，还计算了每个计数区中每种类型的 delta 或 triradius（a、b、c、d 和 t）的位置频率。结果表明，细节密度的分布存在拓扑变异性，这种变异性在性别之间相似，并且双手之间存在镜像效应。三角洲最常见的位置与细节密度高的区域重合。研究还表明，总细节数存在性别差异，这不能归因于成年手部大小的性别二态性，因为细节是在胎儿发育的早期阶段建立的，并且它们的数量在后期的产后生长过程中不会发生变化。这些差异只能归因于与性别决定相关的遗传因素。
