Alqahtani Wedad Saeed, Almufareh Nawaf Abdulrahman, Domiaty Dalia Mostafa, Albasher Gadah, Alduwish Manal Abduallah, Alkhalaf Huda, Almuzzaini Bader, Al-Marshidy Salma Sanhaat, Alfraihi Rgya, Elasbali Abdelbaset Mohamed, Ahmed Hussain Gadelkarim, Almutlaq Bassam Ahmed
Faculty of Biology, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Saudi Arabia.
Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Preventive Dental Sciences, Riyadh Elm University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
AIMS Public Health. 2020 Sep 11;7(3):679-696. doi: 10.3934/publichealth.2020053. eCollection 2020.
Cancer is emerging as a major global health-care system challenge with a growing burden worldwide. Due to the inconsistent cancer registry system in Saudi Arabia, the epidemiology of cancer is still dispersed in the country. Consequently, this review aimed to assemble the epidemiological metrics of cancer in Saudi Arabia in light of the available published data during the period from (2010-2019).
Published literature from Saudi Arabia relating to cancer incidence, prevalence, risk factors, and other epidemiological metrics were accessed through electronic search in Medline/PubMed, Cochrane, Scopus, Web of Knowledge, Google Scholar, and public database that meet the inclusion criteria. Relevant keywords were used during the electronic search about different types of cancers in Saudi Arabia. No filters were used during the electronic searches. Data were pooled and odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence interval (95%CI) were calculated. A random-effects meta-analysis was performed to assess the well-determined risk factors associated with different types of cancers.
The most common cancers in Saudi Arabia are breast, colorectal, prostate, brain, lymphoma, kidney and thyroid outnumbering respectively. Their prevalence rates and OR (95%CI) as follow: breast cancer 53% and 0.93 (0.84-1.00); colon-rectal cancer (CRC) 50.9% and 1.2 (0.81-1.77); prostate cancer 42.6% and 3.2 (0.88-31.11); brain/Central Nervous System cancer 9.6% and 2.3 (0.01-4.2); Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma 9.2% and 3.02 (1.48-6.17); kidney cancer 4.6% and 2.05 (1.61-2.61), and thyroid cancer 12.9% and 6.77 (2.34-19.53).
Within the diverse cancers reported from Saudi Arabia, the epidemiology of some cancers magnitude 3-fold in the latest years. This increase might be attributed to the changing in the Saudi population lifestyle (adopting western model), lack of cancer awareness, lack of screening & early detection programs, social barriers toward cancer investigations. Obesity, genetics, sedentary lifestyle, tobacco use, viral infection, and iodine & Vit-D deficiency represent the apparent cancer risk factors in Saudi Arabia.
癌症正成为全球医疗保健系统面临的一项重大挑战，其在全球范围内的负担日益加重。由于沙特阿拉伯的癌症登记系统不一致，该国癌症的流行病学情况仍较为分散。因此，本综述旨在根据2010年至2019年期间现有的已发表数据，汇总沙特阿拉伯癌症的流行病学指标。
通过在Medline/PubMed、Cochrane、Scopus、Web of Knowledge、Google Scholar以及符合纳入标准的公共数据库中进行电子搜索，获取沙特阿拉伯有关癌症发病率、患病率、危险因素及其他流行病学指标的已发表文献。在电子搜索过程中，使用了与沙特阿拉伯不同类型癌症相关的关键词。电子搜索过程中未使用任何筛选条件。对数据进行汇总，并计算优势比（OR）和95%置信区间（95%CI）。进行随机效应荟萃分析，以评估与不同类型癌症相关的已明确的危险因素。
沙特阿拉伯最常见的癌症分别是乳腺癌、结直肠癌、前列腺癌、脑癌、淋巴瘤、肾癌和甲状腺癌。它们的患病率及OR（95%CI）如下：乳腺癌为53%和0.93（0.84 - 1.00）；结直肠癌（CRC）为50.9%和1.2（0.81 - 1.77）；前列腺癌为42.6%和3.2（0.88 - 31.11）；脑/中枢神经系统癌为9.6%和2.3（0.01 - 4.2）；霍奇金淋巴瘤和非霍奇金淋巴瘤为9.2%和3.02（1.48 - 6.17）；肾癌为4.6%和2.05（1.61 - 2.61），甲状腺癌为12.9%和6.77（2.34 - 19.53）。
在沙特阿拉伯报告的各种癌症中，近年来某些癌症的流行病学情况增长了3倍。这种增长可能归因于沙特人口生活方式的改变（采用西方模式）、癌症意识的缺乏、筛查和早期检测项目的缺失、癌症调查的社会障碍。肥胖、遗传、久坐的生活方式、吸烟、病毒感染以及碘和维生素D缺乏是沙特阿拉伯明显的癌症危险因素。
