Lithospheric Organic Carbon (LOC) Group, Department of Geoscience, Aarhus University, Høegh-Guldbergs gade 2, 8000C, Aarhus, Denmark.
Sci Rep. 2020 Sep 24;10(1):15595. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-72692-2.
This paper presents a new schematic model for generation and timing of multiple phases of solid bitumen throughout the continuum of organic matter maturation in source and tight reservoir rocks. Five distinct stages in the evolution of solid bitumen are proposed: (1) diagenetic solid bitumen (or degraded bituminite), which is not a secondary maceral resulting from the thermal cracking of kerogen. Instead it is derived from degradation of bituminite in the diagenesis stage (Ro < 0.5%); (2) initial-oil solid bitumen, is a consolidated form of early catagenetically generated bitumen at the incipient oil window (Ro ~ 0.5-0.7%); (3) primary-oil solid bitumen is derived from thermally generated bitumen and crude oil in the primary oil window (Ro ~ 0.7-1.0%); (4) late-oil solid bitumen (solid-wax) is derived from the waxy bitumen separated from the mature paraffinic heavy oil in the primary- and late-oil windows; and (5) pyrobitumen, which is mainly a non-generative solid bitumen, is evolved from thermal cracking of the remaining hydrocarbon residue and other types of solid bitumen in the dry gas window and higher temperature (Ro > 1.4%). This model shows concurrence of multi-populations solid bitumen with oil, bitumen, and other phases of fluid hydrocarbon residue during most of the maturity continuum.
本文提出了一个新的示意图模型，用于在有机质成熟的连续体中生成和定时多种固相沥青，包括源岩和致密储层岩石。提出了固相沥青演化的五个不同阶段：（1）成岩固相沥青（或降解沥青质），它不是源于干酪根热裂解的次生煤岩，而是源于成岩阶段中沥青质的降解（Ro<0.5%）；（2）初始油固相沥青，是早期生烃作用产生的沥青在生油门限（Ro≈0.5-0.7%）时固结的形式；（3）原生油固相沥青，是源于热生成的沥青和原油，在原生油窗口（Ro≈0.7-1.0%）；（4）晚期油固相沥青（固体蜡），是源于原生油和晚期油窗口中从成熟石蜡质重油中分离出来的蜡质沥青；（5）热解沥青，主要是一种非生成性固相沥青，是在干气窗口和更高温度（Ro>1.4%）下，剩余烃类残渣和其他类型固相沥青热裂解的产物。该模型表明，在大多数成熟连续体中，多群体固相沥青与油、沥青和其他流体碳氢残留物相同时存在。
