Stuchly M A, Stuchly S S
Crit Rev Biomed Eng. 1987;14(3):241-88.
Electromagnetic fields can interact with biological systems. Under some conditions, such interactions result in biological effects that may be hazardous, while in some other situations they may be beneficial and lead to some new medical applications. Examples of the latter are electromagnetically induced hyperthermia, bone healing, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging. To quantify and assist in understanding the interactions, it is necessary to know the intensities of electromagnetic fields. In many cases, information abut the field strengths inside exposed biological bodies is equally or even more important than that about the strength of the external exposure fields. In this context, measurements of electromagnetic fields at frequencies from a few hertz to about tens of gigahertz are very important. Some classical measurement techniques used in electromagnetics are directly, or with certain modifications, applicable to biomedical applications. However, due to special requirements, new specifically tailored techniques have had to be developed. A review of measurement methods and instrumentation for probing external and internal electric and magnetic fields as relevant to biomedical applications is given. Specific requirements, limitations of existing methods, and future needs are discussed.
电磁场能够与生物系统相互作用。在某些条件下，这种相互作用会产生可能有害的生物效应，而在其他一些情况下，它们可能是有益的，并带来一些新的医学应用。后者的例子包括电磁诱导热疗、骨愈合和核磁共振（NMR）成像。为了量化并有助于理解这些相互作用，有必要了解电磁场的强度。在许多情况下，关于暴露生物体内场强的信息与关于外部暴露场强的信息同样重要，甚至更为重要。在这种背景下，对从几赫兹到约几十吉赫兹频率范围内的电磁场进行测量非常重要。电磁学中使用的一些经典测量技术直接或经过某些修改后可应用于生物医学应用。然而，由于特殊要求，必须开发新的专门定制技术。本文综述了与生物医学应用相关的探测外部和内部电场及磁场的测量方法和仪器。讨论了具体要求、现有方法的局限性以及未来需求。
