University of Paris, MC(2)Lab, Institute of Psychology, Boulogne-Billancourt, France; Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France.
University of Paris, MC(2)Lab, Institute of Psychology, Boulogne-Billancourt, France; Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Rothschild Foundation Hospital, Paris, France.
Handb Clin Neurol. 2020;174:93-110. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-444-64148-9.00008-9.
Since the seminal work on the patient HM, who in his adulthood presented an acquired amnesic syndrome following the resection of the bilateral temporal lobe, other research has described several cases of isolated memory dysfunction in children. This chapter presents developmental and long-lasting memory disorders emerging from an organic or neurologic cause at birth or in infancy. More notably, we focus on developmental amnesic syndrome caused by neonatal bihippocampal damage and memory dysfunction caused by medial temporal developmental epilepsy. We describe these two pediatric populations and present the consequences of hippocampal/medial temporal lobe damage in the development of memory systems. We review episodic memory deficits in children with developmental amnesia and temporal lobe epilepsy and highlight their impact on new learning, personal memories, and independent life. Finally, we provide a brief overview of some of the insights and debates emerging from classic work and recent advances in the context of episodic memory dysfunction displayed by children with hippocampal/medial temporal lobe amnesia and propose new perspectives in child neuropsychology of memory, suggesting new avenues for more ecologic memory assessment and rehabilitation.
自 HM 患者的开创性工作以来，他在成年后因双侧颞叶切除术而出现获得性遗忘综合征，其他研究还描述了几例儿童孤立性记忆功能障碍的病例。本章介绍了从出生或婴儿期开始由有机或神经原因引起的发展性和长期记忆障碍。更值得注意的是，我们专注于由新生儿双侧海马损伤引起的发育性遗忘综合征和由内侧颞叶发育性癫痫引起的记忆功能障碍。我们描述了这两种儿科人群，并介绍了海马/内侧颞叶损伤对记忆系统发育的影响。我们回顾了具有发育性遗忘症和颞叶癫痫的儿童的情景记忆缺陷，并强调了它们对新学习、个人记忆和独立生活的影响。最后，我们简要概述了经典工作和最近进展中出现的一些见解和争论，这些见解和争论涉及具有海马/内侧颞叶遗忘症的儿童的情景记忆功能障碍，并提出了记忆儿童神经心理学的新视角，为更生态的记忆评估和康复提供了新途径。
