School of Health and Human Performance, Northern Michigan University, Marquette, MI.
School of Health and Human Performance, Northern Michigan University, Marquette, MI.
Wilderness Environ Med. 2020 Dec;31(4):482-488. doi: 10.1016/j.wem.2020.06.009. Epub 2020 Sep 24.
Hiking is a common recreational activity that provides numerous health benefits, such as reduced risk of heart disease, reduced blood pressure, and improved cardiorespiratory fitness. The use of specifically designed trekking poles has become popular among participants seeking to alleviate sore knees and increase balance and stability while walking. This review provides an overview of physiologic and biomechanical responses elicited when trekking poles are used during outdoor activities, such as hiking or Nordic walking, and discusses the clinical implications of the use of trekking poles. Google Scholar, PubMed, and ScienceDirect databases, as well as university library catalogues, were searched for literature published between 1980 and 2019. The keywords used to search the literature were hiking poles, trekking poles, and Nordic walking and their combination with physiological responses, ground reaction forces, joint forces, spatiotemporal parameters, kinematics, electromyography, and/or balance. The related topics included the academic disciplines of biomechanics, sports science, and wilderness medicine. Reference lists of located studies were also reviewed for additional sources. During free, unloaded walking, users should compare the cost and benefit of using poles: Trekking poles decrease lower extremity loading and forces but increase cardiovascular demand. When carrying a large external load, trekking poles may offer benefit by decreasing lower extremity muscle activity and increasing balance and stability.
徒步旅行是一种常见的休闲活动，它能带来许多健康益处，如降低心脏病风险、降低血压和提高心肺健康水平。专门设计的徒步旅行杖在参与者中越来越受欢迎，他们希望减轻膝盖疼痛，提高行走时的平衡和稳定性。本综述概述了在徒步旅行等户外活动中使用徒步旅行杖时引起的生理和生物力学反应，并讨论了使用徒步旅行杖的临床意义。使用的关键词包括徒步旅行杖、徒步旅行杖和北欧行走，以及它们与生理反应、地面反作用力、关节力、时空参数、运动学、肌电图和/或平衡的结合。相关主题包括生物力学、运动科学和荒野医学等学术学科。还查阅了已定位研究的参考文献列表，以获取其他来源。在自由、无负载行走时，用户应比较使用手杖的成本和效益：徒步旅行杖可减少下肢的负荷和力量，但会增加心血管的需求。当携带大的外部负荷时，徒步旅行杖可能通过减少下肢肌肉活动和提高平衡和稳定性而带来益处。
