McClave S A
Int J Dermatol. 1987 May;26(4):244-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-4362.1987.tb00911.x.
Hemorrhage from esophageal varices is a serious complication of portal hypertension and cirrhosis, as evidenced by a 50-60% mortality rate and a 40-60% rate of recurrent hemorrhage. Esophageal injection sclerosis (EIS) has emerged as the preferred mode of therapy for esophageal hemorrhage and in most respects is superior to surgical portacaval shunt and medical therapy. EIS controls variceal bleeding acutely in 85-95% of cases and results in the long-term obliteration of varices in 60-80% of patients. EIS decreases the time the patient spends in the hospital, reduces the amount of blood transfused, and may prolong the patient's survival. Complications of ulceration and stenosis can be minimized by proper choice of agent and by manipulating the volume and concentration of sclerosing agent, the interval between sessions, and the pattern of injections within the esophagus. EIS is both effective and reasonably safe for the acute and long-term management of esophageal variceal hemorrhage and can easily be performed at most medical centers in this country.
食管静脉曲张出血是门静脉高压和肝硬化的严重并发症，50%-60%的死亡率和40%-60%的再出血率证明了这一点。食管注射硬化疗法（EIS）已成为治疗食管出血的首选方法，在大多数方面优于外科门腔分流术和药物治疗。EIS能使85%-95%的病例急性控制静脉曲张出血，60%-80%的患者静脉曲张长期闭塞。EIS缩短了患者住院时间，减少了输血量，并可能延长患者生存期。通过合理选择药物、控制硬化剂的体积和浓度、治疗间隔以及食管内注射方式，可将溃疡和狭窄等并发症降至最低。EIS对食管静脉曲张出血的急性和长期治疗既有效又相对安全，在我国大多数医疗中心都能轻松实施。
