Espinosa-Sánchez Asunción, Suárez-Martínez Elisa, Sánchez-Díaz Laura, Carnero Amancio
Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Seville, Spain.
CIBER de Cancer, Madrid, Spain.
Front Oncol. 2020 Aug 26;10:1533. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01533. eCollection 2020.
The theory of cancer stem cells (CSCs) proposes that the different cells within a tumor, as well as metastasis deriving from it, are originated from a single subpopulation of cells with self-renewal and differentiation capacities. These cancer stem cells are supposed to be critical for tumor expansion and metastasis, tumor relapse and resistance to conventional therapies, such as chemo- and radiotherapy. The acquisition of these abilities has been attributed to the activation of alternative pathways, for instance, WNT, NOTCH, SHH, PI3K, Hippo, or NF-κB pathways, that regulate detoxification mechanisms; increase the metabolic rate; induce resistance to apoptotic, autophagic, and senescence pathways; promote the overexpression of drug transporter proteins; and activate specific stem cell transcription factors. The elimination of CSCs is an important goal in cancer therapeutic approaches because it could decrease relapses and metastatic dissemination, which are main causes of mortality in oncology patients. In this work, we discuss the role of these signaling pathways in CSCs along with their therapeutic potential.
癌症干细胞（CSCs）理论提出，肿瘤内的不同细胞以及源自肿瘤的转移灶均起源于具有自我更新和分化能力的单个细胞亚群。这些癌症干细胞被认为对肿瘤的扩展和转移、肿瘤复发以及对化疗和放疗等传统疗法的抗性至关重要。这些能力的获得归因于替代途径的激活，例如WNT、NOTCH、SHH、PI3K、Hippo或NF-κB途径，这些途径调节解毒机制；提高代谢率；诱导对凋亡、自噬和衰老途径的抗性；促进药物转运蛋白的过表达；并激活特定的干细胞转录因子。消除癌症干细胞是癌症治疗方法中的一个重要目标，因为它可以减少复发和转移性扩散，而这是肿瘤患者死亡的主要原因。在这项工作中，我们讨论了这些信号通路在癌症干细胞中的作用及其治疗潜力。
