Center of Excellence for Molecular Biology and Genomics of Shrimp, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
Aquatic Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 113 Paholyothin Rd, Klong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand.
Dev Comp Immunol. 2021 Feb;115:103875. doi: 10.1016/j.dci.2020.103875. Epub 2020 Sep 25.
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are molecular chaperones with critical roles in the maintenance of cellular proteostasis. HSPs, which regulate protein folding and refolding, assembly, translocation, and degradation, are induced in response to physiological and environmental stressors. In recent years, HSPs have been recognized for their potential role in immunity; in particular, these proteins elicit a variety of immune responses to infection and modulate inflammation. This review focuses on delineating the structural and functional roles of crustacean HSPs in the innate immune response. Members of crustacean HSPs include high molecular weight HSPs (HSP90, HSP70, and HSP60) and small molecular weight HSPs (HSP21 and HSP10). The sequences and structures of these HSPs are highly conserved across various crustacean species, indicating strong evolutionary links among this group of organisms. The expression of HSP-encoding genes across different crustacean species is significantly upregulated upon exposure to a wide range of pathogens, emphasizing the important role of HSPs in the immune response. Functional studies of crustacean HSPs, particularly HSP70s, have demonstrated their involvement in the activation of several immune pathways, including those mediating anti-bacterial resistance and combating viral infections, upon heat exposure. The immunomodulatory role of HSPs indicates their potential use as an immunostimulant to enhance shrimp health for control of disease in aquaculture.
热休克蛋白（HSPs）是分子伴侣，在维持细胞蛋白质平衡方面起着关键作用。HSPs 调节蛋白质折叠和重折叠、组装、易位和降解，它们是对生理和环境应激的响应而被诱导产生的。近年来，HSPs 因其在免疫中的潜在作用而受到关注；特别是，这些蛋白质对感染产生多种免疫反应，并调节炎症。本综述重点阐述了甲壳动物 HSPs 在先天免疫反应中的结构和功能作用。甲壳动物 HSPs 的成员包括高分子量 HSPs（HSP90、HSP70 和 HSP60）和小分子 HSPs（HSP21 和 HSP10）。这些 HSPs 的序列和结构在各种甲壳动物物种中高度保守，表明这组生物之间存在强烈的进化联系。在暴露于各种病原体后，不同甲壳动物物种 HSP 编码基因的表达显著上调，这强调了 HSPs 在免疫反应中的重要作用。对甲壳动物 HSPs（特别是 HSP70）的功能研究表明，它们参与了几种免疫途径的激活，包括介导抗细菌抵抗和对抗病毒感染的途径，这是在受热暴露时发生的。HSPs 的免疫调节作用表明它们有潜力作为免疫刺激剂，用于增强虾的健康，以控制水产养殖中的疾病。
