College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.
Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing, 210014, People's Republic of China.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2021 Feb;28(5):6068-6077. doi: 10.1007/s11356-020-10937-3. Epub 2020 Sep 28.
Plant- and/or microbe-based systems can provide a cost-effective, sustainable means to remove contaminants from soil. Microbe-assisted phytoremediation has potential utility for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons such as fluoranthene (Flu) removal from soils; however, the efficiency varies with the plant and microbes used. This study evaluated the Flu removal efficiency in a system with ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum), an IAA-producing Arthrobacter pascens strain (ZZ21), and/or a Flu-degrading Bacillus cereus strain (Z21). Strain ZZ21 significantly enhanced the growth of ryegrass. Ryegrass in combination with both strains (FIP) was the most effective method for Flu removal. By day 60, 74.9% of the Flu was depleted in the FIP treatment, compared with 21.1% in the control (CK), 63.7% with ryegrass alone (P), 69.0% for ryegrass with ZZ21 (IP), and 72.6% for ryegrass with Z21 (FP). FIP treatment promoted ryegrass growth, accelerated Flu accumulation in plants, and increased soil microbial counts. Microbial carbon utilization was significantly higher in soil in the FIP than with the CK treatment. Principal component analysis of the distribution of carbon substrate utilization showed that microbial functional profiles diverged among treatments, and this divergence became more profound at day 60 than day 30. Microbial inoculation significantly enhanced microbial utilization of phenols. Microbes in the FIP soil dominantly utilized amines/amides and phenols at day 30 but shifted to carbohydrates by day 60. Together, the combination of IAA-producing microbes and Flu-degrading microbes could promote plant growth, facilitate Flu degradation, and change soil microbial functional structure.
植物和/或微生物系统可以提供一种具有成本效益、可持续的方法来去除土壤中的污染物。微生物辅助植物修复对于从土壤中去除多环芳烃（如荧蒽（Flu））具有潜在的应用价值；然而，其效率因所用植物和微生物而异。本研究评估了在含有黑麦草（Lolium multiflorum）、产 IAA 的节杆菌（Arthrobacter pascens 菌株 ZZ21）和/或 Flu 降解芽孢杆菌（Bacillus cereus 菌株 Z21）的系统中 Flu 的去除效率。菌株 ZZ21 显著促进了黑麦草的生长。黑麦草与两种菌株（FIP）结合是 Flu 去除的最有效方法。到第 60 天，FIP 处理中 74.9%的 Flu 被耗尽，而对照（CK）中为 21.1%，单独使用黑麦草（P）中为 63.7%，使用 ZZ21 的黑麦草（IP）中为 69.0%，使用 Z21 的黑麦草（FP）中为 72.6%。FIP 处理促进了黑麦草的生长，加速了 Flu 在植物中的积累，并增加了土壤微生物数量。FIP 处理土壤中微生物碳利用明显高于 CK 处理。微生物碳利用分布的主成分分析表明，处理间微生物功能谱存在差异，且在第 60 天比第 30 天更为明显。微生物接种显著增强了微生物对酚类物质的利用。FIP 土壤中的微生物在第 30 天主要利用胺/酰胺和酚类物质，但在第 60 天则转向碳水化合物。总的来说，产 IAA 的微生物和 Flu 降解微生物的组合可以促进植物生长，促进 Flu 降解，并改变土壤微生物功能结构。
