School of Sport, Exercise and Nutrition, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand.
School of Health Sciences, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand.
Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2020;29(3):638-647. doi: 10.6133/apjcn.202009_29(3).0024.
Iron deficiency is prevalent in New Zealand, with low dietary haem intake and blood loss previously identified as risk factors. However, the influence of the hormone hepcidin on iron status has not been investigated.
Females (n=170) aged 18-45 residing in Auckland participated in a cross-sectional study. Iron status and inflammation were assessed with serum biomarkers including; serum ferritin, haemoglobin, soluble transferrin receptor, hepcidin, C-reactive protein and interleukin-6. Lifestyle factors were assessed using a series of validated questionnaires, including an iron food frequency questionnaire. Potential determinants of serum ferritin were identified using multiple linear regression analysis.
Iron insufficiency was confirmed in 55.8% of participants (Serum ferritin <30 μg·L-1). Hepcidin levels were higher in those who were iron sufficient (Serum ferritin ≥30 μg·L-1) (6.62 nM vs 1.17 nM, p<0.001). South Asian females had higher hepcidin (8.78 nM) levels, compared to New Zealand Europeans (6.28 nM) (p=0.018), a result likely due to South Asians presenting with higher interleukin-6 (1.66 vs 0.63 pg·mL-1, p<0.001). Hepcidin (β=0.082, p<0.001) and frequency of meat intake (β=0.058, p=0.001) were identified as significant predictors of serum ferritin in New Zealand Europeans, while hepcidin was the only identified predictor in South Asians (β=0.138, p<0.001) and those of other ethnicities (β=0.117, p<0.002).
This is the first study in New Zealand to show that hepcidin levels strongly predict serum ferritin in premenopausal females. Additionally, frequency of meat intake appears to be an important determinant of iron status in New Zealand Europeans.
铁缺乏在新西兰很普遍，先前已确定低膳食血红素摄入和失血是危险因素。然而，激素铁调素对铁状态的影响尚未得到研究。
年龄在 18-45 岁之间、居住在奥克兰的 170 名女性参与了一项横断面研究。通过血清生物标志物（包括血清铁蛋白、血红蛋白、可溶性转铁蛋白受体、铁调素、C 反应蛋白和白细胞介素-6）评估铁状态和炎症。使用一系列经过验证的问卷（包括铁食物频率问卷）评估生活方式因素。使用多元线性回归分析确定血清铁蛋白的潜在决定因素。
55.8%的参与者（血清铁蛋白<30μg·L-1）被证实存在铁不足。铁充足（血清铁蛋白≥30μg·L-1）的参与者铁调素水平更高（6.62 nM 比 1.17 nM，p<0.001）。南亚女性的铁调素（8.78 nM）水平高于新西兰欧洲人（6.28 nM）（p=0.018），这一结果可能是由于南亚人白细胞介素-6 水平更高（1.66 比 0.63 pg·mL-1，p<0.001）。铁调素（β=0.082，p<0.001）和肉类摄入频率（β=0.058，p=0.001）被确定为新西兰欧洲人血清铁蛋白的显著预测因子，而铁调素是南亚人（β=0.138，p<0.001）和其他种族（β=0.117，p<0.002）血清铁蛋白的唯一预测因子。
这是新西兰首次研究表明，铁调素水平强烈预测绝经前女性的血清铁蛋白。此外，肉类摄入频率似乎是新西兰欧洲人铁状态的重要决定因素。
