Immunology Board for Transplantation and Advanced Cellular Therapeutics (ImmunoTACT), Universal Scientific and Education Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Cell Biol Int. 2021 Jan;45(1):54-57. doi: 10.1002/cbin.11469. Epub 2020 Oct 10.
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) gains access to host cells by attaching to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Vitamin D (VitD) can upregulate ACE2 and has an antagonistic effect on Renin, which exerts a vasodilatation and anti-inflammatory effect against coronavirus disease (COVID-19). However, it may also facilitate viral entry by increasing ACE2 as the main SARS-CoV-2 receptor and mediates ROS production through NADPH oxidase, as a double-edged sword effect. Lung function and the immune system are also influenced by VitD through several mechanisms, including increased natural antibiotics (Defensin and Cathelicidin) and upregulated transforming growth factor-β. A higher IgA, Th2/Th1 ratio, and T-regulatory cells are attributable to VitD effects on the immune cells, while these changes may also be a double-edged sword in COVID-19. Although VitD supplementation might be highly recommended in COVID-19, the administration's dosage and route could be challenging. Furthermore, this issue has not been mentioned in various studies so far. So, the report aimed to explain the current challenges with the application of VitD in COVID-19.
严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2（SARS-CoV-2）通过附着血管紧张素转换酶 2（ACE2）进入宿主细胞。维生素 D（VitD）可以上调 ACE2，并对肾素产生拮抗作用，肾素对冠状病毒病（COVID-19）具有血管扩张和抗炎作用。然而，它也可能通过增加 ACE2 作为 SARS-CoV-2 的主要受体来促进病毒进入，并且通过 NADPH 氧化酶介导 ROS 的产生，从而产生双刃剑效应。VitD 通过多种机制影响肺功能和免疫系统，包括增加天然抗生素（防御素和 Cathelicidin）和上调转化生长因子-β。VitD 对免疫细胞的作用导致 IgA、Th2/Th1 比值和 T 调节细胞增加，而这些变化在 COVID-19 中也可能是一把双刃剑。尽管 VitD 补充剂在 COVID-19 中可能被高度推荐，但管理的剂量和途径可能具有挑战性。此外，到目前为止，这个问题在各种研究中都没有提到。因此，该报告旨在解释 VitD 在 COVID-19 中的应用目前所面临的挑战。
