Emeritus professor of the history of health, École des hautes études en santé publique/Université Sorbonne-Paris-Cité. Paris - France
Hist Cienc Saude Manguinhos. 2020 Sep;27(suppl 1):29-48. doi: 10.1590/S0104-59702020000300003.
According to David Fidler, the governance of infectious diseases evolved from the mid-nineteenth to the twenty-first century as a series of institutional arrangements: the International Sanitary Regulations (non-interference and disease control at borders), the World Health Organization vertical programs (malaria and smallpox eradication campaigns), and a post-Westphalian regime standing beyond state-centrism and national interest. But can international public health be reduced to such a Westphalian image? We scrutinize three strategies that brought health borders into prominence: pre-empting weak states (eastern Mediterranean in the nineteenth century); preventing the spread of disease through nation-building (Macedonian public health system in the 1920s); and debordering the fight against epidemics (1920-1921 Russian-Polish war and the Warsaw 1922 Sanitary Conference).
根据大卫·菲德勒的说法，传染病的治理从 19 世纪中叶到 21 世纪经历了一系列的制度安排：《国际卫生条例》（在边境实行非干涉和疾病控制）、世界卫生组织的垂直项目（疟疾和天花根除运动），以及超越国家中心主义和国家利益的后威斯特伐利亚体制。但是，国际公共卫生能否简化为这样一个威斯特伐利亚的形象呢？我们仔细研究了三种使卫生边界突出的策略：先发制人地削弱弱国（19 世纪的东地中海地区）；通过国家建设来防止疾病的传播（20 世纪 20 年代的马其顿公共卫生系统）；以及消除流行病的边界（1920-1921 年的俄波战争和 1922 年华沙卫生会议）。
