McLeod J G, Tuck R R
Ann Neurol. 1987 Jun;21(6):519-29. doi: 10.1002/ana.410210602.
Autonomic function may be adequately tested with noninvasive tests of sympathetic and parasympathetic pathways, including: the response of blood pressure to change in posture and isometric contraction, heart rate response to standing, variation in heart rate with respiration, Valsalva ratio, sweat tests, and plasma noradrenaline measurements. Abnormal results in two or more of these tests indicate autonomic dysfunction. Intraarterial catheterization and tests of vasomotor function are usually required only in doubtful cases or for research purposes. Treatment of autonomic dysfunction is focused primarily on bladder control and control of orthostatic hypotension. Orthostatic hypotension is best treated with physical measures, pharmacologically with 9-alpha-fluorohydrocortisone and dihydroergotamine mesylate. A number of other agents may be tried but results have been less effective.
自主神经功能可通过对交感神经和副交感神经通路的非侵入性测试进行充分评估，包括：血压对姿势改变和等长收缩的反应、心率对站立的反应、心率随呼吸的变化、瓦尔萨尔瓦比率、汗液测试以及血浆去甲肾上腺素测量。这些测试中两项或更多项结果异常表明存在自主神经功能障碍。通常仅在可疑病例或用于研究目的时才需要进行动脉内插管和血管运动功能测试。自主神经功能障碍的治疗主要集中在膀胱控制和体位性低血压的控制上。体位性低血压最好通过物理措施治疗，药物治疗可使用9-α-氟氢可的松和甲磺酸双氢麦角胺。也可尝试使用其他一些药物，但效果较差。
