Sheu Guey-Rong, Gay David A, Schmeltz David, Olson Mark, Chang Shuenn-Chin, Lin Da-Wei, Nguyen Ly Sy Phu
Department of Atmospheric Sciences, National Central University, 300 Jhong-Da Rd, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan.
National Atmospheric Deposition Program, Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, 465 Henry Mall, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
Atmosphere (Basel). 2019 Sep;10(9):481. doi: 10.3390/atmos10090481. Epub 2019 Aug 21.
The Asia Pacific Mercury Monitoring Network (APMMN) cooperatively measures mercury in precipitation in a network of sites operating in Asia and the Western Pacific region. The network addresses significant data gaps in a region where mercury emission estimates are the highest globally, and available measurement data are limited. The reduction of mercury emissions under the Minamata Convention on Mercury also justifies the need for continent-wide and consistent observations that can help determine the magnitude of the problem and assess the efficacy of reductions over time. The APMMN's primary objectives are to monitor wet deposition and atmospheric concentrations of mercury and assist partners in developing their own monitoring capabilities. Network planning began in 2012 with wet deposition sampling starting in 2014. Currently, eight network sites measure mercury in precipitation following standardized procedures adapted from the National Atmospheric Deposition Program. The network also has a common regional analytical laboratory (Taiwan), and quality assurance and data flagging procedures, which ensure the network makes scientifically valid and consistent measurements. Results from our ongoing analytical and field quality assurance measurements show minimal contamination in the network and accurate analytical analyses. We are continuing to monitor a potential concentration and precipitation volume bias under certain conditions. The average mercury concentration in precipitation was 11.3 (+9.6) ng L for 139 network samples in 2018. Concentrations for individual sites vary widely. Low averages compare to the low concentrations observed on the U.S. West Coast; while other sites have average concentrations similar to the high values reported from many urban areas in China. Future APMMN goals are to (1) foster new network partnerships, (2) continue to collect, quality assure, and distribute results on the APMMN website, (3) provide training and share best monitoring practices, and (4) establish a gaseous concentration network for estimating dry deposition.
亚太汞监测网络（APMMN）通过在亚洲和西太平洋地区运营的一系列站点，合作测量降水中的汞含量。该网络填补了一个全球汞排放估计量最高但可用测量数据有限的地区的重大数据空白。《水俣公约》规定减少汞排放，这也证明有必要进行全大陆范围的一致观测，以帮助确定问题的严重程度，并评估随着时间推移减排措施的成效。APMMN的主要目标是监测汞的湿沉降和大气浓度，并协助合作伙伴发展自身的监测能力。网络规划始于2012年，2014年开始进行湿沉降采样。目前，八个网络站点按照源自美国国家大气沉降计划的标准化程序测量降水中的汞含量。该网络还有一个共同的区域分析实验室（台湾）以及质量保证和数据标记程序，确保网络能够进行科学有效的一致测量。我们正在进行的分析和现场质量保证测量结果表明，该网络中的污染极小，分析准确。我们将继续监测特定条件下可能存在的浓度和降水量偏差。2018年，139个网络样本的降水平均汞浓度为11.3（+9.6）纳克/升。各个站点的浓度差异很大。较低的平均值与美国西海岸观测到的低浓度相当；而其他站点的平均浓度与中国许多城市地区报告的高值相似。APMMN未来的目标是：（1）促进建立新的网络伙伴关系；（2）继续在APMMN网站上收集、保证质量并发布结果；（3）提供培训并分享最佳监测实践；（4）建立一个用于估算干沉降的气态浓度网络。
