Khmel'nitskiĭ O K, Bykov V L
Arkh Patol. 1987;49(4):3-9.
The role of opportunistic fungi (OF) in modern human pathology is discussed in connection with the increased incidence of mycotic infections caused by these organisms. Due to a complex of biological properties, OF are able to survive both in the environment and in human body, exhibiting their pathogenic potential when the body defenses are compromised. The highest frequency of infections caused by OF is encountered in the presence of risk factors (immunodeficiencies, endocrinopathies, oncological and hematological diseases, organ transplantation, antibiotic and corticosteroid therapy, infancy and pregnancy). The spectrum of lesions caused by OF encompasses practically all organs and systems. Being a secondary process, mycotic infection may either have no influence on the primary process, or aggravate it. In most severe cases it may overbalance the importance of the underlying disease. Cytohistological methods play a special role in the diagnosis of mycotic infections, as they are able to reveal the invasive process, evaluate its extent and the characteristics of host defense responses.
本文结合由机会性真菌（OF）引起的真菌感染发病率上升的情况，讨论了这些真菌在现代人类病理学中的作用。由于具有一系列生物学特性，OF既能在环境中生存，也能在人体内存活，当人体防御功能受损时便会展现其致病潜力。在存在风险因素（免疫缺陷、内分泌病、肿瘤和血液疾病、器官移植、抗生素和皮质类固醇治疗、婴儿期和妊娠期）的情况下，由OF引起的感染最为常见。OF所致病变范围几乎涵盖所有器官和系统。作为继发过程，真菌感染可能对原发疾病没有影响，也可能使其加重。在大多数严重情况下，真菌感染可能会超过基础疾病的重要性。细胞组织学方法在真菌感染的诊断中发挥着特殊作用，因为它们能够揭示侵袭过程，评估其范围以及宿主防御反应的特征。
