Division of Radiobiology, Department of Medical Imaging and Clinical Oncology, University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa.
Corresponding Author.
Discov Med. 2020 May-Jun;29(158):181-189.
The objective of this study was to validate the results from our published work and to test the robustness of our unique malignancy index as a (non-invasive) predictor of prostate cancer in fresh blood samples obtained from patients diagnosed with prostate cancer (PCa), benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), and healthy volunteers (Controls). The malignancy index was obtained by dividing the product of three biomarker values, [urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA), plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 (PAI-1), and prostate-specific antigen (PSA)], by the age of the patient/healthy volunteer, using enzyme-linked immunosorbent (ELISA) assay methodology. The results confirmed earlier findings that the malignancy index discriminates prostate cancer from non-prostate cancer. The index significantly separated the PCa group from the Control group with values of 0.0701 (n=54) and 0.0007 (n=47), respectively, by a factor of 100. The malignancy index of the small BPH cohort was found to be 0.0016 (n=20), differing by a factor of 44 from the Control group. When data from the earlier study and the current study data were collectively analyzed, the index again significantly separated the PCa group from the Control group by a factor of 15, with values of 0.0624 (n=125) and 0.0042 (n=110), respectively. However, the same could not be said of the BPH data since the sample size (n=20) was well below par, for comparison. In the initial blood study, the PCa group was significantly separated from the Control group by a factor of 8.5. The data presented here concur with findings in needle biopsies and transurethral resection tissue, reported elsewhere (Bohm et al., 2013; Akudugu et al., 2015). At this preliminary stage, the malignancy index has potential and merit as a prostate cancer biomarker.
本研究旨在验证我们已发表研究结果的可靠性，并测试我们独特的恶性肿瘤指数作为（非侵入性）预测前列腺癌的指标在从诊断为前列腺癌（PCa）、良性前列腺增生（BPH）和健康志愿者（对照组）的患者中获得的新鲜血液样本中的稳健性。该恶性肿瘤指数通过酶联免疫吸附（ELISA）测定方法，将三个生物标志物值[尿激酶纤溶酶原激活物（uPA）、纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂-1（PAI-1）和前列腺特异性抗原（PSA）]的乘积除以患者/健康志愿者的年龄获得。结果证实了早期发现，即恶性肿瘤指数可区分前列腺癌与非前列腺癌。该指数通过将 PCa 组与对照组区分开来，分别为 0.0701（n=54）和 0.0007（n=47），相差 100 倍。小 BPH 队列的恶性肿瘤指数为 0.0016（n=20），与对照组相差 44 倍。当将早期研究和当前研究的数据进行综合分析时，该指数再次通过将 PCa 组与对照组区分开来，相差 15 倍，分别为 0.0624（n=125）和 0.0042（n=110）。然而，对于 BPH 数据，情况并非如此，因为样本量（n=20）远低于预期，因此无法进行比较。在最初的血液研究中，PCa 组与对照组相差 8.5 倍。这里呈现的数据与在针吸活检和经尿道前列腺切除术组织中报道的其他地方的结果（Bohm 等人，2013 年；Akudugu 等人，2015 年）一致。在这个初步阶段，恶性肿瘤指数作为前列腺癌生物标志物具有潜力和价值。
