Harold and Margaret Milliken Hatch Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States.
Harold and Margaret Milliken Hatch Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States.
Handb Clin Neurol. 2020;175:209-220. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-444-64123-6.00015-1.
Experiences throughout the life course lead to unique phenotypes even among those with the same genotype. Genotype sets the substrate on which physiologic processes, which communicate with the brain, mediate the effects of life experiences via epigenetics. Epigenetics modify the expression of genes in the brain and body in response to circulating hormones and other mediators, which are activated to facilitate survival responses through a process called allostasis. Epigenetic signatures can even be inherited, resulting in transgenerational effects. This chapter addresses epigenetics in the context of sex differences, discussing the intersection between genetics and gonadal hormones and their effect in the brain at discrete developmental periods.
人生经历导致即使基因型相同的个体也具有独特的表型。基因型为生理过程设定了基础，生理过程与大脑相互作用，通过表观遗传学来介导生活经历的影响。表观遗传学修饰大脑和身体中基因的表达，以响应循环激素和其他介质，这些介质被激活以通过称为“体内平衡”的过程促进生存反应。表观遗传特征甚至可以遗传，从而产生跨代效应。本章将在性别差异的背景下讨论表观遗传学，讨论遗传和性腺激素之间的交叉及其在特定发育阶段对大脑的影响。
