A Unique Complication after a Routine Operation - Late Pseudoaneurysm of the Brachial Artery after Plate Fixation of Humeral Shaft Fracture. A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

We report an extremely rare case of an 82-year-old woman with pseudoaneurysm of the brachial artery developed 22 months after a plate osteosynthesis with angularly stable locking plates for the proximal humerus. The condition was initially misdiagnosed as a tumor by the attending physician, and the patient was referred to an oncological unit. The case was successfully managed by a multidisciplinary team consisting of orthopedic and vascular surgeons.An up-to-date review of the available literature is also provided. The pseudo-aneurysms of the axillary and the distal peripheral arteries of the upper limb are a rare but potentially dangerous complication because the thromboembolism could lead to gangrene and amputation of the extremity. Despite casuistic, they should be taken into consideration in the differential diagnosis after plate osteosynthesis. Proper operative technique and constant vigilance when orthopedic implants are used are of paramount importance, which is actually the emphasis of this report.