Durankus Ferit, Aladag Ciftdemir Nukhet, Vatansever Ozbek Ulfet, Duran Rıdvan, Acunas Betul
Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Trakya University, Faculty of Medicine, Edirne, Turkey.
Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Trakya University, Faculty of Medicine, Edirne, Turkey.
Sleep Med. 2020 Nov;75:484-490. doi: 10.1016/j.sleep.2020.09.013. Epub 2020 Sep 17.
Sleep disorders are common problems among all age groups. If sleep problems detected in childhood are not resolved successfully, they become sleep disorders and a chronic state. In this study, we aimed to compare sleep problems between preterm-born and term-born preschool-age children.
In the cross-sectional study, children were grouped according to whether they were born preterm or at term. The preterm group included 137 children aged four to six years. The control group comprised 145 age-matched term-born preschool children. The prenatal, natal, demographical, and clinical characteristics of preterm- and term-born preschool-age children were compared. The Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ) was used to identify sleep problems. The total score and subscores of the CSHQ were compared between the groups.
The percentage of gastroesophageal reflux (GER) symptoms and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) symptoms were significantly higher in the preterm group. According to the cutoff point of the CSHQ, 97 children in the preterm group (70.8%) and 88 children in the control group (60.7%) had a sleep disorder. The total score of the CSHQ was significantly higher in the preterm group compared with the control group; however, the scores of the subscales were similar between the groups. In the regression analysis, a significant association was found between being born preterm and having sleep disorder (β = 0.308, OR = 1.36, p = 0.04).
Our study reported a high percentage of sleep problems in preterm-born preschool children. We suggest that prematurity is associated with sleep problems even if the etiology of sleep problems is heterogeneous. Symptoms regarding GER and OAS should be investigated, and precautions, such as prohibiting maternal cigarette smoking, should be taken in preterm infants.
睡眠障碍是所有年龄组中常见的问题。如果在儿童期发现的睡眠问题未得到成功解决，它们就会成为睡眠障碍并进入慢性状态。在本研究中，我们旨在比较早产和足月出生的学龄前儿童的睡眠问题。
在这项横断面研究中，儿童根据早产或足月出生进行分组。早产组包括137名4至6岁的儿童。对照组由145名年龄匹配的足月出生的学龄前儿童组成。比较早产和足月出生的学龄前儿童的产前、出生时、人口统计学和临床特征。使用儿童睡眠习惯问卷（CSHQ）来识别睡眠问题。比较两组之间CSHQ的总分和子分数。
早产组中胃食管反流（GER）症状和阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停（OSA）症状的百分比显著更高。根据CSHQ的临界值，早产组中有97名儿童（70.8%）和对照组中有88名儿童（60.7%）存在睡眠障碍。与对照组相比，早产组CSHQ的总分显著更高；然而，两组之间各子量表的分数相似。在回归分析中，发现早产与睡眠障碍之间存在显著关联（β = 0.308，OR = 1.36，p = 0.04）。
我们的研究报告了早产学龄前儿童中睡眠问题的高比例。我们建议，即使睡眠问题的病因是异质性的，早产也与睡眠问题有关。应调查GER和OAS的症状，并对早产儿采取预防措施，如禁止母亲吸烟。
