Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
Integrative Parasitology, Center for Infectious Diseases, Heidelberg University Medical School, Heidelberg, Germany.
Trends Parasitol. 2020 Dec;36(12):979-991. doi: 10.1016/j.pt.2020.09.001. Epub 2020 Sep 30.
Parasitic protozoa of the phylum Apicomplexa cause a range of human and animal diseases. Their complex life cycles - often heteroxenous with sexual and asexual phases in different hosts - rely on elaborate cytoskeletal structures to enable morphogenesis and motility, organize cell division, and withstand diverse environmental forces. This review primarily focuses on studies using Toxoplasma gondii and Plasmodium spp. as the best studied apicomplexans; however, many cytoskeletal adaptations are broadly conserved and predate the emergence of the parasitic phylum. After decades cataloguing the constituents of such structures, a dynamic picture is emerging of the assembly and maintenance of apicomplexan cytoskeletons, illuminating how they template and orient critical processes during infection. These observations impact our view of eukaryotic diversity and offer future challenges for cell biology.
顶复门的寄生原生动物可引起一系列人类和动物疾病。它们复杂的生命周期——通常在不同宿主中具有有性和无性阶段的异宿主——依赖精细的细胞骨架结构来实现形态发生和运动、组织细胞分裂以及抵御各种环境压力。本综述主要侧重于使用刚地弓形虫和疟原虫等作为研究得最好的顶复门生物的研究；然而，许多细胞骨架适应广泛保守，并先于寄生门的出现。在对这些结构的成分进行了几十年的编目之后，正在出现一幅关于顶复门细胞骨架组装和维持的动态图景，阐明了它们在感染过程中如何对关键过程进行模板化和定向。这些观察结果影响了我们对真核生物多样性的看法，并为细胞生物学提出了未来的挑战。
