Ono Takaaki, Ueta Mitsuko, Tsuji Masayasu, Kawamoto Chiyomi, Yamane Nobuhisa
Fukuyama City Public Health Center.
Shokuhin Eiseigaku Zasshi. 2020;61(4):148-153. doi: 10.3358/shokueishi.61.148.
To determine the relationship between seasons and regions and aflatoxin M (AFM) contamination of milk distributed in Fukuyama City, we conducted a survey once during the summer and once during the winter between June 2018 and January 2019. We compared the AFM contamination levels in milk drinks available in Fukuyama City during the same period, to provide more about the factors causing AFM contamination. All milk samples examined exhibited AFM contamination levels below the standard AFM contamination level (0.5 μg/kg). For the comparison based on seasons, one milk sample collected in the summer (0.07 μg/kg) exceeded the EU limit (heat-treated milk: 0.050 μg/kg). However, there was no significant difference in the AFM contamination level (p>0.05). For the comparison based on regions, the AFM contamination level in the milk sample from the Chugoku Region was significantly higher in the winter and significantly lower in the summer compared to those from other regions. AFM contamination of milk did not have a direct relationship with seasons or regions, but was instead influenced by the type, amount, and management of feed supplied to dairy cattle. For the comparison between milk and milk drinks, the AFM contamination levels in milk drinks were significantly lower (p<0.01). The highest AFM concentration (0.08 μg/kg) was detected in one sample of milk drink sampled during the summer. The AFM contamination of milk drinks is likely affected by the level of contamination in raw materials, the proportion of such raw materials in the drinks, and the process type. An increase in non-fat milk solids was assumed to be a factor that increases AFM contamination.
为了确定季节和地区与福山地区销售的牛奶中黄曲霉毒素M（AFM）污染之间的关系，我们在2018年6月至2019年1月期间于夏季和冬季各进行了一次调查。我们比较了同一时期福山地区市售牛奶饮品中的AFM污染水平，以更多地了解导致AFM污染的因素。所有检测的牛奶样本的AFM污染水平均低于标准AFM污染水平（0.5μg/kg）。在基于季节的比较中，夏季采集的一份牛奶样本（0.07μg/kg）超过了欧盟限量（热处理牛奶：0.050μg/kg）。然而，AFM污染水平没有显著差异（p>0.05）。在基于地区的比较中，与其他地区相比，中国地区冬季采集的牛奶样本中AFM污染水平显著更高，夏季则显著更低。牛奶中的AFM污染与季节或地区没有直接关系，而是受奶牛所喂饲料的类型、数量和管理方式影响。在牛奶和牛奶饮品的比较中，牛奶饮品中的AFM污染水平显著更低（p<0.01）。夏季采集的一份牛奶饮品样本中检测到最高AFM浓度（0.08μg/kg）。牛奶饮品中的AFM污染可能受原材料污染水平、此类原材料在饮品中的比例以及加工类型的影响。非脂乳固体的增加被认为是AFM污染增加的一个因素。
