Hurtado-Soler Amparo, Marín-Liébana Pablo, Martínez-Gallego Silvia, Botella-Nicolás Ana María
Department of Experimental and Social Sciences Teaching, Faculty of Teacher Training, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain.
Department of Musical, Visual, and Corporal Expression Teaching, Faculty of Teacher Training, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain.
Front Psychol. 2020 Sep 4;11:2163. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.02163. eCollection 2020.
The garden is a major educational resource that can be used for all areas of knowledge from an interdisciplinary perspective as it reflects the complexity and interactions of the natural environment. This research was carried out in the academic years 2017-2018 and 2018-2019 with 418 participants of from the second, third, and fourth year of the Degree in Primary Education at the University of Valencia. The use of the garden and the landscape is analyzed as a non-formal context for training primary school teachers through sensory experiences that contribute to the development of scientific and artistic competencies. The study focused on the relationship between natural sounds and emotions to promote the environmental awareness and active listening that are necessary to improve auditory perception and reflect on health problems caused by noise pollution. During the project, we discovered the synergies between experimental sciences and artistic-musical expression and their importance for developing university students' competencies in the professional, personal, and collective spheres. The activities consisted of (1) a walking tour from the Faculty of Education to the garden at 1 km from the center, to reflect on the origin and characteristics of sound, emotions and their relationship with music; (2) sensory experiences in the garden through visual and auditory interaction with the landscape; and (3) an immersion in quasi-real scenarios created by virtual reality. The analysis was carried out by means of an questionnaire with Likert-type items focused on aspects of the usefulness of gardens and the activities involved in the general and specific skills of the degree and open questions for reflections on emotional health, environmental sustainability, and artistic-musical creation as a representation of the environment. The results show the importance of the garden as a resource for training of primary teachers in a holistic and global approach that contributes to the development of teaching skills and the acquisition of knowledge based on sensory experiences with the landscape.
花园是一种重要的教育资源，由于它反映了自然环境的复杂性和相互作用，因此可以从跨学科的角度用于所有知识领域。这项研究在2017 - 2018学年和2018 - 2019学年进行，参与者是瓦伦西亚大学小学教育学位二年级、三年级和四年级的418名学生。花园和景观的使用被分析为一种非正规的环境，通过有助于科学和艺术能力发展的感官体验来培训小学教师。该研究聚焦于自然声音与情感之间的关系，以促进环境意识和积极倾听，这对于改善听觉感知以及反思噪音污染导致的健康问题是必要的。在项目过程中，我们发现了实验科学与艺术 - 音乐表达之间的协同作用及其对大学生在专业、个人和集体领域能力发展的重要性。活动包括：（1）从教育学院到距离市中心1公里处的花园的徒步旅行，以思考声音的起源、特征、情感及其与音乐的关系；（2）在花园中通过与景观的视觉和听觉互动进行感官体验；（3）沉浸于虚拟现实创建的准真实场景中。分析通过一份包含李克特量表式项目的问卷进行，这些项目聚焦于花园的有用性以及学位课程一般和特定技能所涉及的活动，还有关于情感健康、环境可持续性以及作为环境表征的艺术 - 音乐创作的开放性反思问题。结果表明，花园作为一种资源，对于以整体和全局的方式培训小学教师非常重要，有助于基于与景观的感官体验来发展教学技能和获取知识。
