Trambusti Irene, Nuzzi Giulia, Costagliola Giorgio, Verduci Elvira, D'Auria Enza, Peroni Diego G, Comberiati Pasquale
Section of Pediatrics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
Front Pediatr. 2020 Aug 18;8:480. doi: 10.3389/fped.2020.00480. eCollection 2020.
Asthma is the most frequent chronic disease in children, and its pathogenesis involves genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors. The rapid rise in the prevalence of asthma registered over the last few decades has stressed the need to identify the environmental and modifiable factors associated with the development of the disease. In particular, there is increasing interest in the role of modifiable nutritional factors specific to both the prenatal and post-natal early life as, during this time, the immune system is particularly vulnerable to exogenous interferences. Several dietary factors, including maternal diet during pregnancy, the duration of breastfeeding, the use of special milk formulas, the timing of the introduction of complementary foods, and prenatal and early life supplementation with vitamins and probiotics/prebiotics, have been addressed as potential targets for the prevention of asthma. In this review, we outline recent findings on the potential role of prenatal and perinatal dietary and nutritional interventions for the primary prevention of pediatric asthma. Moreover, we addressed unmet needs and areas for future research in the prevention of childhood-onset asthma.
哮喘是儿童中最常见的慢性疾病，其发病机制涉及遗传、表观遗传和环境因素。过去几十年中哮喘患病率的迅速上升凸显了识别与该疾病发展相关的环境和可改变因素的必要性。特别是，人们越来越关注产前和产后早期生活中特定的可改变营养因素的作用，因为在此期间，免疫系统特别容易受到外源性干扰。包括孕期母亲饮食、母乳喂养时间、特殊奶粉的使用、辅食添加时间以及产前和生命早期补充维生素和益生菌/益生元在内的多种饮食因素，已被视为预防哮喘的潜在目标。在本综述中，我们概述了产前和围产期饮食及营养干预对儿童哮喘一级预防潜在作用的最新研究结果。此外，我们还探讨了预防儿童期哮喘尚未满足的需求和未来研究的领域。
