Instituto Tecnológico Vale, Belém, PA, Brazil.
Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil.
Environ Entomol. 2020 Dec 14;49(6):1374-1382. doi: 10.1093/ee/nvaa115.
Most studies analyze fragmentation due to habitat loss caused by anthropogenic activities and few of them analyzed fragmentation on naturally fragmented areas. In the Eastern Amazon, it is possible to find areas naturally open and surrounded by pristine forest. Understanding how species respond to isolation in these areas is an important challenge for decision-making processes aiming conservation and restoration. Using standardized methods of bee collection (entomological nets, bait trap, pan trap, and nest trap), the objective of this study was to analyze the composition and diversity of bees occurring on six isolated outcrops located in two protected areas within Amazon biome. More specifically, we tested 1) if the dissimilarity in bee species composition is explained by the isolation of outcrops and 2) if bee richness, abundance, and Shannon diversity can be explained by the outcrop size. We found 118 species, with the Meliponini and Euglossini (Hymenoptera: Apidae) tribes representing the highest number of species. The similarity in species composition across all outcrops is high and is not explained by the isolation. In addition, the richness, abundance, and Shannon diversity are not explained by outcrop size. Forest does not seem to be a barrier to bee movement, and although most species probably nest in the forests, they use the highly diverse plants of the outcrops as a complementary food source.
大多数研究分析由于人为活动导致的栖息地丧失而造成的片段化，很少有研究分析自然片段化区域的片段化。在亚马逊东部，有可能找到自然开放且周围环绕着原始森林的区域。了解物种在这些区域中对隔离的反应是为保护和恢复目的进行决策过程的重要挑战。本研究使用标准化的蜜蜂收集方法（昆虫网、诱饵陷阱、盘状陷阱和巢状陷阱），目的是分析位于亚马逊生物群落内两个保护区内的六个孤立露头处出现的蜜蜂的组成和多样性。更具体地说，我们测试了 1）是否露头的隔离解释了蜜蜂物种组成的差异，以及 2）蜜蜂丰富度、丰度和香农多样性是否可以用露头大小来解释。我们发现了 118 个物种，其中蜜蜂科（膜翅目：蜜蜂科）的 Meliponini 和 Euglossini 部落代表了最多的物种。所有露头处的物种组成相似性很高，不能用隔离来解释。此外，丰富度、丰度和香农多样性不能用露头大小来解释。森林似乎不是蜜蜂迁移的障碍，尽管大多数物种可能在森林中筑巢，但它们会利用露头处高度多样化的植物作为补充食物来源。
