Immune response to Leishmania mexicana: the host-parasite relationship.

Leishmaniosis is currently considered a serious public health problem and it is listed as a neglected tropical disease by World Health Organization (WHO). Despite the efforts of the scientific community, it has not been possible to develop an effective vaccine. Current treatment consists of antimonials that is expensive and can cause adverse effects. It is essential to fully understand the immunopathogenesis of the disease to develop new strategies to prevent, treat and eradicate the disease. Studies on animal models have shown a new paradigm in the resolution or establishment of infection by Leishmania mexicana where a wide range of cytokines, antibodies and cells are involved. In recent years, the possibility of a new therapy with monoclonal antibodies has been considered, where isotype, specificity and concentration are critical for effective therapy. Would be better to create/generate a vaccine to induce host protection or produce passive immunization with engineering monoclonal antibodies to a defined antigen? This review provides an overview that includes the current known information on the immune response that are involved in the complex host-parasite relationship infection caused by L. mexicana.