Microbial cell surface display of oxidoreductases: Concepts and applications.

Heterologous proteins anchoring on the living cell surface have recently received significant attention due to their promising application potential in various areas of biotechnology. This work presents an overview of displaying strategies for oxidoreductases, enzymes important in applied biocatalysis. Anchoring systems for oxidoreductase display on Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and yeasts were analysed. The effect of cell surface display on enzyme activity and stability was demonstrated. It was also shown that besides the activity and stability improvement, the cell surface display strategy in case of oxidoreductases could solve the problem of cofactor regeneration via co-displaying enzyme cascades. Cell surface displayed oxidoreductase applications were also discussed. It was concluded that the highest potential is in the areas of microbial fuel cells, chemical synthesis, biosensors, and bioremediation.