Dui Linda G, Lunardini Francesca, Termine Cristiano, Matteucci Matteo, Ferrante Simona
Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc. 2020 Jul;2020:5856-5859. doi: 10.1109/EMBC44109.2020.9176041.
Failing to master handwriting, as in the case of Dysgraphia, has negative consequences on children's lives. In early stage of development, Dysgraphia diagnosis is delayed and not easily achievable. Thus, the aim of this work is to propose a valid tool to anticipate Dysgraphia screening at a preliteracy age. We developed a tablet application to analyze characteristics altered in dysgraphic handwriting, such as rhythmical laws (isochrony and homothety), or a collection of kinematic and dynamic parameters (smoothness, pressure, frequency contents). To be suitable for the pre-literacy stage, possible alterations are investigated in symbol drawings. The app is tested on 104 preschoolers, both with normal (n=76) and delayed graphical abilities (n=28), reporting excellent acceptance. Some isochrony alterations were reported only for children with delayed graphical abilities. Moreover, kinematic and dynamic parameters are effective in discriminating between risk and norisk conditions. Indeed, the logistic classification adopted resulted in a 0.819 area under the precision-recall curve. These findings pave the way toward an early screening of future handwriting alteration, starting from a pre-literacy age.
书写能力欠佳，如患有书写障碍，会对儿童的生活产生负面影响。在发育早期，书写障碍的诊断往往会延迟且不易实现。因此，这项工作的目的是提出一种有效的工具，以便在学前阶段就对书写障碍进行筛查。我们开发了一款平板电脑应用程序，用于分析书写障碍患者笔迹中改变的特征，如节奏规律（等时性和同形性），或一系列运动学和动力学参数（流畅性、压力、频率成分）。为了适用于学前阶段，我们在符号绘图中研究了可能存在的改变。该应用程序在104名学龄前儿童身上进行了测试，其中图形能力正常的儿童有76名，图形能力延迟的儿童有28名，测试结果显示该应用程序的接受度很高。仅在图形能力延迟的儿童中发现了一些等时性改变。此外，运动学和动力学参数在区分风险和非风险状况方面很有效。实际上，所采用的逻辑分类在精确召回曲线下的面积为0.819。这些发现为从学前阶段开始早期筛查未来的书写改变铺平了道路。
