School of Laboratory Medicine, Weifang Medical College, Weifang, P. R. China.
Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China.
J Recept Signal Transduct Res. 2021 Oct;41(5):417-424. doi: 10.1080/10799893.2020.1830109. Epub 2020 Oct 6.
Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) are a demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system based on the involvement of the optic nerve and/or spinal cord. The disease is characterized by high recurrence and disability. NMOSD is mainly diagnosed by AQP4-IgG and MOG-IgG. However, there are still some patients with negative or undetermined double-antibody, and AQP4-IgG and MOG-IgG cannot indicate the clinical disease activity. Therefore, it is urgent to explore interesting biomarkers in serum and cerebrospinal fluid to promote early clinical diagnosis and/or as a target for diagnosis and treatment. This article summarized the research progress in serum and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers of astrocytes, neurons, myelin sheath, and other damage after the onset of NMOSD. Besides the value of microglial activation-related proteins in the diagnosis and treatment of NMOSD was prospected, so as to promote the research progress of NMOSD.
视神经脊髓炎谱系疾病（NMOSD）是一种基于视神经和/或脊髓受累的中枢神经系统脱髓鞘疾病。该疾病具有高复发和致残的特点。NMOSD 主要通过水通道蛋白 4 抗体（AQP4-IgG）和髓鞘少突胶质细胞糖蛋白抗体（MOG-IgG）进行诊断。然而，仍有一些患者的双抗体呈阴性或不确定，且 AQP4-IgG 和 MOG-IgG 不能指示临床疾病活动。因此，迫切需要探索血清和脑脊液中有趣的生物标志物，以促进早期临床诊断和/或作为诊断和治疗的靶点。本文总结了 NMOSD 发病后星形胶质细胞、神经元、髓鞘等损伤的血清和脑脊液生物标志物的研究进展。此外，还展望了小胶质细胞激活相关蛋白在 NMOSD 诊断和治疗中的价值，以促进 NMOSD 的研究进展。
