Departamento de Bioquimica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Vicosa, Vicosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Vicosa, Vicosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Curr Top Med Chem. 2021;21(3):213-226. doi: 10.2174/1568026620666201005125146.
ENTPDases are enzymes known for hydrolyzing extracellular nucleotides and playing an essential role in controlling the nucleotide signaling via nucleotide/purinergic receptors P2. Moreover, ENTPDases, together with Ecto-5´-nucleotidase activity, affect the adenosine signaling via P1 receptors. These signals control many biological processes, including the immune system. In this context, ATP is considered as a trigger to inflammatory signaling, while adenosine (Ado) induces anti-inflammatory response. The trypanosomatids Leishmania and Trypanosoma cruzi, pathogenic agents of Leishmaniasis and Chagas Disease, respectively, have their own ENTPDases named "TpENTPDases," which can affect the nucleotide signaling, adhesion and infection, in order to favor the parasite. Besides, TpENTPDases are essential for the parasite nutrition, since the Purine De Novo synthesis pathway is absent in them, which makes these pathogens dependent on the intake of purines and nucleopurines for the Salvage Pathway, in which TpENTPDases also take place. Here, we review information regarding TpNTPDases, including their known biological roles and their effect on the purinergic signaling. We also highlight the roles of these enzymes in parasite infection and their biotechnological applications, while pointing to future developments.
ENTPDases 是一种能够水解细胞外核苷酸的酶，在通过核苷酸/嘌呤能受体 P2 控制核苷酸信号中起着至关重要的作用。此外，ENTPDases 与外核苷酸酶活性一起，通过 P1 受体影响腺苷信号。这些信号控制着许多生物学过程，包括免疫系统。在这种情况下，ATP 被认为是炎症信号的触发物，而腺苷（Ado）则诱导抗炎反应。利什曼原虫和克氏锥虫分别是利什曼病和恰加斯病的病原体，它们都有自己的 ENTPDases，称为“TpENTPDases”，可以影响核苷酸信号、粘附和感染，以利于寄生虫。此外，TpENTPDases 对寄生虫的营养也是必不可少的，因为嘌呤从头合成途径在它们中缺失，这使得这些病原体依赖于嘌呤和核苷的摄取来进行补救途径，其中 TpENTPDases 也参与其中。在这里，我们回顾了关于 TpNTPDases 的信息，包括它们已知的生物学作用及其对嘌呤能信号的影响。我们还强调了这些酶在寄生虫感染中的作用及其在生物技术中的应用，并指出了未来的发展方向。
