School of Economics and Business Administration, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China.
PLoS One. 2020 Oct 6;15(10):e0239634. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239634. eCollection 2020.
In recent years, the environmental problems caused by excessive carbon emissions from energy sources have become increasingly serious, which not only aggravates the climate change caused by the greenhouse effect but also seriously restricts the sustainable development of Chinese economy. An attempt is made in this paper to use energy consumption method and input-output method to study the carbon emission structure of China's energy system and industry in 2015 from two perspectives, namely China's energy supply side and energy demand side, by taking into account the two factors of energy invest in gross capital formation and export. The results show that neglecting these two factors will lead to underestimation of intermediate use carbon emissions and overestimation of final use carbon emissions. On energy supply side, the carbon emission structure of China's energy system is still dominated by high-carbon energy (raw coal, coke, diesel, and fuel oil, etc.), accounting for more than 70% of total energy carbon emissions; on the contrary, the natural gas such as clean energy accounts for only 3.45% of total energy carbon emissions, indicating that the energy consumption structure optimization and emission reduction gap of China's energy supply side are still substantial. On energy demand side, the final use (direct consumption by residents and government) produces less carbon emissions, while the intermediate use (production by enterprises) produces more than 90% of the total energy carbon emissions. Fossil energy, power sector, heavy industry, chemical industry, and transportation belong to industries with larger carbon emissions and lower carbon emission efficiency, while agriculture, construction, light industry, and service belong to industries with fewer carbon emissions and higher carbon emission efficiency. This means that the optimization of industrial structure is conducive to slowing down the growth of energy carbon emissions on the demand side.
近年来，能源碳排放过度引发的环境问题日益严重，不仅加剧了温室效应导致的气候变化，也严重制约了中国经济的可持续发展。本文尝试从中国能源供应侧和能源需求侧两个角度，综合考虑能源投资对总资本形成和出口的两个因素，利用能源消费法和投入产出法，对中国 2015 年能源系统和工业的碳排放结构进行研究。结果表明，忽略这两个因素将导致中间使用碳排放被低估，最终使用碳排放被高估。在能源供应侧，中国能源系统的碳排放结构仍以高碳能源（原煤、焦炭、柴油和燃料油等）为主，占总能源碳排放的 70%以上；而清洁能源天然气等仅占总能源碳排放的 3.45%，这表明中国能源供应侧的能源消费结构优化和减排差距仍然很大。在能源需求侧，最终使用（居民和政府直接消费）产生的碳排放较少，而中间使用（企业生产）产生的碳排放超过总能源碳排放的 90%。化石能源、电力行业、重工业、化工业和交通运输业属于碳排放较大、碳排效率较低的行业，而农业、建筑业、轻工业和服务业则属于碳排放较少、碳排效率较高的行业。这意味着优化产业结构有利于减缓需求侧能源碳排放的增长。
