Sequential intermittent therapeutic plasma exchange: A possible induction and maintenance therapy in the management of adult patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder.

Evidence on the benefits of intermittent therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) as maintenance therapy in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is limited. This study explores the possible effectiveness of sequential intermittent therapeutic plasma exchange (SITPE), a novel TPE protocol in the management of adult NMOSD patients. Through retrospective review of medical records in Kuala Lumpur Hospital, Malaysia, NMOSD patients who underwent SITPE, namely, an induction phase of monthly cycle of TPE (1 cycle = five exchange sessions) for three cycles with or without a subsequent maintenance phase of three-monthly cycle of TPE for three cycles, were included in this controlled historical cohort study. We explored their serial improvements in Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), limb power, visual acuity, and annualized relapse rate following SITPE initiation. Statistical significance was set at P < .05. Fifteen adults (mean age: 35.4 years, mean disease duration: 9.5 years, 73% female, 87% AQP4-IgG positive) with corticosteroid-refractory attacks were included. Upon SITPE initiation, significant improvements in EDSS and limb motor power for up to 12 months, in addition to significant improvements in visual acuity for up to 6 months, were recorded. Significant reduction in annualized relapse rates for up to 2 years was documented. These improvements were not significantly influenced by age groups, gender, or presence of cord atrophy. Notably, adverse events of SITPE were infrequent and manageable. Sequential intermittent therapeutic plasma exchange as induction and maintenance therapy may improve the disease outcomes and prevent relapses in adult NMOSD patients with severe, corticosteroid-refractory attacks.