Ghafoori Yaser, Vidmar Andrej, Říha Jaromír, Kryžanowski Andrej
Faculty of Civil and Geodetic Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Jamova cesta 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Faculty of Civil Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Veveří 331/95, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
Sensors (Basel). 2020 Oct 6;20(19):5696. doi: 10.3390/s20195696.
Seepage flow through embankment dams and their sub-base is a crucial safety concern that can initiate internal erosion of the structure. The thermometric method of seepage monitoring employs the study of heat transfer characteristics in the soils, as the temperature distribution in earth-filled structures can be influenced by the presence of seepage. Thus, continuous temperature measurements can allow detection of seepage flows. With the recent advances in optical fiber temperature sensor technology, accurate and fast temperature measurements, with relatively high spatial resolution, have been made possible using optical fiber distributed temperature sensors (DTSs). As with any sensor system, to obtain a precise temperature, the DTS measurements need to be calibrated. DTS systems automatically calibrate the measurements using an internal thermometer and reference section. Additionally, manual calibration techniques have been developed which are discussed in this paper. The temperature data do not provide any direct information about the seepage, and this requires further processing and analysis. Several methods have been developed to interpret the temperature data for the localization of the seepage and in some cases to estimate the seepage quantity. An efficient DTS application in seepage monitoring strongly depends on the following factors: installation approach, calibration technique, along with temperature data interpretation and post-processing. This paper reviews the different techniques for calibration of DTS measurements as well as the methods of interpretation of the temperature data.
渗流通过堤坝及其基础是一个至关重要的安全问题，可能引发结构的内部侵蚀。渗流监测的测温方法利用了土壤中热传递特性的研究，因为填土结构中的温度分布会受到渗流的影响。因此，连续的温度测量可以检测到渗流。随着光纤温度传感器技术的最新进展，使用光纤分布式温度传感器（DTS）可以实现具有相对较高空间分辨率的准确快速温度测量。与任何传感器系统一样，为了获得精确的温度，DTS测量需要进行校准。DTS系统使用内部温度计和参考段自动校准测量。此外，本文还讨论了已开发的手动校准技术。温度数据没有提供任何关于渗流的直接信息，这需要进一步处理和分析。已经开发了几种方法来解释温度数据以定位渗流，在某些情况下还可以估计渗流流量。DTS在渗流监测中的有效应用很大程度上取决于以下因素：安装方法、校准技术以及温度数据的解释和后处理。本文综述了DTS测量校准的不同技术以及温度数据的解释方法。
