Ho Nerissa Siu Ping, Baker Daniel, Karapanagiotidis Theodoros, Seli Paul, Wang Hao Ting, Leech Robert, Bernhardt Boris, Margulies Daniel, Jefferies Elizabeth, Smallwood Jonathan
Department of Psychology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK.
School of Psychology, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK.
Neurosci Conscious. 2020 Oct 5;2020(1):niaa020. doi: 10.1093/nc/niaa020. eCollection 2020.
Conscious awareness of the world fluctuates, either through variation in how vividly we perceive the environment, or when our attentional focus shifts away from information in the external environment towards information that we generate via imagination. Our study combined individual differences in experience sampling, psychophysical reports of perception and neuroimaging descriptions of structural connectivity to better understand these changes in conscious awareness. In particular, we examined (i) whether aspects of ongoing thought-indexed via multi-dimensional experience sampling during a sustained attention task-are associated with the white matter fibre organization of the cortex as reflected by their relative degree of anisotropic diffusion and (ii) whether these neurocognitive descriptions of ongoing experience are related to a more constrained measure of visual consciousness through analysis of bistable perception during binocular rivalry. Individuals with greater fractional anisotropy in right hemisphere white matter regions involving the inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, the superior longitudinal fasciculus and the cortico-spinal tract, described their ongoing thoughts as lacking external details. Subsequent analysis indicated that the combination of low fractional anisotropy in these right hemisphere regions, with reports of thoughts with high levels of external details, was associated with the shortest periods of dominance during binocular rivalry. Since variation in binocular rivalry reflects differences between bottom-up and top-down influences on vision, our study suggests that reports of ongoing thoughts with vivid external details may occur when conscious precedence is given to bottom-up representation of perceptual information.
对世界的意识觉知会波动,这要么是因为我们对环境的感知清晰度有所变化,要么是因为我们的注意力焦点从外部环境中的信息转移到了通过想象产生的信息上。我们的研究结合了经验抽样中的个体差异、感知的心理物理学报告以及结构连接性的神经成像描述,以更好地理解意识觉知的这些变化。具体而言,我们考察了:(i)在持续注意力任务中通过多维度经验抽样索引的当前思维的各个方面,是否与皮质的白质纤维组织相关,这可通过各向异性扩散的相对程度反映出来;以及(ii)通过对双眼竞争期间的双稳态感知进行分析,这些对当前经验的神经认知描述是否与视觉意识的一种更受限的测量相关。在涉及额枕下束、上纵束和皮质脊髓束的右半球白质区域中,各向异性分数更高的个体将他们当前的思维描述为缺乏外部细节。后续分析表明,这些右半球区域的低各向异性分数与具有高水平外部细节的思维报告相结合,与双眼竞争期间最短的优势期相关。由于双眼竞争中的变化反映了自下而上和自上而下对视觉的影响之间的差异,我们的研究表明,当意识优先考虑感知信息的自下而上表征时,可能会出现具有生动外部细节的当前思维报告。