York University, Toronto, ON, Canada.
The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Dev Psychobiol. 2021 Apr;63(3):437-451. doi: 10.1002/dev.22034. Epub 2020 Oct 11.
There is considerable variability regarding the convergence between behavioral and biological aspects of distress responses in toddlerhood, and little research has investigated the convergence of these measures in high distress. The aim of the current study was to describe patterns of distress responses to vaccinations as indexed by both pain-related behavioral distress and heart rate (HR) at 12 and 18 months. Caregiver-toddler dyads were part of an ongoing longitudinal cohort observed during 12- (N = 158) and 18-month (N = 122) well-baby vaccinations. Parallel-process growth mixture models discerned two distinct groups at 12 months and three distinct groups at 18 months. All groups had comparable pain-related behavioral distress and HR responses post-vaccination, with most participants displaying high arousal and regulation to baseline levels following the vaccination. However, at 18 months, an important minority had a blunted response or did not regulate to a low level of distress by 3 min post-needle. Post hoc analyses revealed that higher baseline pain-related behavioral distress predicted membership in the majority groups at 12 and 18 months. These results highlight the developmental differences and variability in behavioral and cardiac indicators of distress regulation across the second year of life.
在幼儿期，行为和生物方面的痛苦反应之间存在相当大的可变性，而且很少有研究调查这些措施在高痛苦中的一致性。本研究的目的是描述通过 12 个月和 18 个月时的疼痛相关行为痛苦和心率（HR）来评估疫苗接种时痛苦反应的模式。在 12 个月（N=158）和 18 个月（N=122）的婴儿疫苗接种期间，观察了正在进行的纵向队列中的护理人员-幼儿对子。平行过程增长混合模型在 12 个月时区分出两个不同的组，在 18 个月时区分出三个不同的组。所有组在接种疫苗后都有类似的与疼痛相关的行为痛苦和 HR 反应，大多数参与者在接种疫苗后表现出高度唤醒和调节到基线水平。然而，在 18 个月时，一个重要的少数群体的反应迟钝，或者在 3 分钟后没有将痛苦调节到低水平。事后分析表明，较高的基线疼痛相关行为痛苦预示着在 12 个月和 18 个月时大多数群体的成员资格。这些结果突出了在生命的第二年，行为和心脏痛苦调节指标的发展差异和可变性。
