Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, 62580-000, Brazil.
Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Ceará, Limoeiro do Norte, CE, 62930-000, Brazil.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2021 Feb;28(7):8012-8021. doi: 10.1007/s11356-020-10881-2. Epub 2020 Oct 12.
Chemometric tools are powerful strategies to efficiently optimize many processes. These tools were employed to optimize a fast-solid phase microextraction procedure, which was used for the analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in oil-based produced water using a Headspace-Solid Phase Microextraction technique (HS-SPME/GC-MS). This optimization was achieved with a 2 factorial design approach, where the final conditions for this extraction procedure were 10 μg L, 1 h, 92 °C (at headspace), and 0.62 mol L for PAHs concentration, fiber exposition to headspace, temperature, and NaCl concentration, respectively. The limit of detection (LOD) in this protocol ranged from 0.2 to 41.4 ng L, while recovery values from 67.65 to 113.10%. Besides that, relative standard deviation (RSD) were lower than 8.39% considering high molecular weight compounds. Moreover, the proposed methodology in this work does not require any previous treatment of the sample and allows to quantify a higher number of PAHs. Notably, naphthalene was the major PAHs compound quantified in all samples of the produced water at 99.99 μg L. Altogether, these results supported this methodology as a suitable analytical strategy for fast determination of PAHs in produced water from oil-based industry.
化学计量学工具是有效优化许多过程的强大策略。这些工具被用于优化快速固相微萃取程序，该程序用于使用顶空固相微萃取技术（HS-SPME/GC-MS）分析油基采出水中的多环芳烃（PAHs）。该优化是通过 2 因素设计方法实现的，其中该萃取程序的最终条件分别为 PAHs 浓度的 10 μg L、1 h、92°C（在顶空）和 0.62 mol L、纤维暴露于顶空、温度和 NaCl 浓度。该方案中的检测限（LOD）范围为 0.2 至 41.4 ng L，而回收率为 67.65 至 113.10%。此外，考虑到高分子化合物，相对标准偏差（RSD）低于 8.39%。此外，本工作中提出的方法不需要对样品进行任何预处理，并且可以定量更多种类的 PAHs。值得注意的是，在所有油基采出水样品中，萘是定量的主要 PAHs 化合物，含量为 99.99 μg L。总的来说，这些结果支持该方法作为一种快速测定油基工业采出水中 PAHs 的合适分析策略。
