Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Tainan Branch, Tainan, Taiwan.
Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
Int J Infect Dis. 2020 Dec;101:314-322. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.10.011. Epub 2020 Oct 9.
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has led to a global pandemic. However, the majority of currently available data are restricted to laboratory-confirmed cases for symptomatic patients, and the SARS-CoV-2 infection can manifest as an asymptomatic or mild disease. Therefore, the true extent of the burden of COVID-19 may be underestimated. Improved serological detection of specific antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 could help estimate the true numbers of infections. This article comprehensively reviews the associated literature and provides updated information regarding the seroprevalence of the anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody. The seroprevalence can vary across different sites and the seroprevalence can increase with time during longitudinal follow-up. Although healthcare workers (HCWs), especially those caring for COVID-19 patients, are considered as a high-risk group, the seroprevalence in HCWs wearing adequate personal protective equipment is thought to be no higher than that in other groups. With regard to sex, no statistically significant difference has been found between male and female subjects. Some, but not all, studies have shown that children have a lower risk than other age groups. Finally, seroprevalence can vary according to different populations, such as pregnant women and hemodialysis patients; however, limited studies have examined these associations. Furthermore, the continued surveillance of seroprevalence is warranted to estimate and monitor the growing burden of COVID-19.
严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2（SARS-CoV-2）是导致 2019 年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）的病原体，已导致全球大流行。然而，目前大多数可用数据仅限于对有症状患者进行实验室确诊的病例，SARS-CoV-2 感染可能表现为无症状或轻症。因此，COVID-19 的实际负担可能被低估了。提高针对 SARS-CoV-2 的特异性抗体的血清学检测可能有助于估计实际感染人数。本文全面回顾了相关文献，并提供了有关抗 SARS-CoV-2 抗体血清流行率的最新信息。血清流行率在不同地点有所不同，并且在纵向随访期间随时间增加而增加。虽然医护人员（HCWs），特别是照顾 COVID-19 患者的医护人员，被认为是高风险人群，但穿戴适当的个人防护设备的医护人员的血清流行率并不高于其他人群。关于性别，男性和女性受试者之间没有发现统计学上的显著差异。一些（但不是全部）研究表明，儿童的风险低于其他年龄组。最后，血清流行率可能因不同人群而异，例如孕妇和血液透析患者；然而，有限的研究检查了这些关联。此外，需要继续监测血清流行率，以估计和监测 COVID-19 不断增长的负担。
