Sleep/Wake Research Centre, College of Health, Massey University, PO Box 756, Wellington 6140, New Zealand.
Te Kupenga Hauora Māori, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
Sleep Med. 2020 Dec;76:1-9. doi: 10.1016/j.sleep.2020.09.020. Epub 2020 Sep 23.
To provide descriptive sleep data and explore sleep inequities, we investigated maternal reports of when and how well Māori (Indigenous) and non-Māori preschoolers sleep, and examined relationships between ethnicity (child and maternal), socioeconomic position (SEP) and sleep timing and problems of 3-4 year old children in Aotearoa/New Zealand (NZ).
This study involved cross-sectional analysis of data from the Moe Kura: Mother and Child, Sleep and Wellbeing in Aotearoa/New Zealand longitudinal study. Log-binomial regression models were used to investigate associations between child and maternal demographic variables and preschooler bedtimes, social jetlag and maternally-reported sleep problems. Child models included child ethnicity, child gender, area- and individual-level deprivation. Maternal models included maternal ethnicity, maternal age, area- and individual-level deprivation.
340 Māori and 570 non-Māori preschoolers and their mothers participated. Māori preschoolers had later average bedtimes and wake times than non-Māori preschoolers. Ethnicity and area-level deprivation were independently associated with later bedtimes. Ethnicity was associated with social jetlag and sleep problems, independent of SEP. Individual-level deprivation was associated with problems falling asleep. Preschoolers of Māori mothers in least deprived areas were more likely to have problems falling asleep than preschoolers of non-Māori mothers in least deprived areas.
Research is needed to understand what sleep timing differences mean for preschoolers' wellbeing in NZ. Fundamental causes of social and economic disadvantage experienced by Indigenous children and mothers and by families who hold low SEP must be addressed, in order to eliminate sleep health inequities in early childhood.
为了提供描述性的睡眠数据并探索睡眠不公平现象，我们调查了毛利（土著）和非毛利学龄前儿童的睡眠时间和睡眠质量，并研究了在新西兰，儿童和母亲的种族、社会经济地位（SEP）与 3-4 岁儿童的睡眠时间和问题之间的关系。
本研究涉及对新西兰莫克库拉：母婴、睡眠和健康纵向研究的数据进行横断面分析。使用对数二项式回归模型来研究儿童和母亲人口统计学变量与学龄前儿童就寝时间、社会时差和母亲报告的睡眠问题之间的关联。儿童模型包括儿童种族、儿童性别、地区和个体剥夺水平。母亲模型包括母亲种族、母亲年龄、地区和个体剥夺水平。
340 名毛利儿童和 570 名非毛利儿童及其母亲参与了研究。毛利学龄前儿童的平均就寝时间和醒来时间晚于非毛利学龄前儿童。种族和地区剥夺水平与较晚的就寝时间独立相关。种族与社会时差和睡眠问题有关，独立于 SEP。个体剥夺水平与入睡困难有关。在最不贫困地区，毛利母亲的学龄前儿童比非毛利母亲的学龄前儿童更有可能出现入睡困难问题。
需要研究了解新西兰学龄前儿童的睡眠时间差异对其健康的影响。必须解决土著儿童和母亲以及社会经济地位较低的家庭所经历的社会和经济劣势的根本原因，以消除幼儿期的睡眠健康不公平现象。
