Learning and the training of farm animals.

The focus of learning studies shifted considerably about 30 years ago. Research moved away from using farm species as experimental animals (that is, as a tool) in which to study learning theory, to a genuine interest in the learning abilities and training processes of individual species. Growing use is being made of operant conditioning and other learning techniques to assess how animals learn from experience and their ability to control their environment to improve their well-being. The processes involved in extinguishing undesirable behaviors and establishing behaviors more compatible with farming operations, the use of handling during early sensitive periods, and the careful habituation of animals to intensive farming conditions and modern automated systems complement the on-going genetic selection of farm animals more suited to modern farms. Learning is an important way for animals to cope with and adapt to changing environments and, as such, is fundamental to their general well-being. Learning in farm animals is of vital concern to veterinarians, agricultural engineers, and those involved with animal husbandry and welfare.