Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 123182, Russia.
Institute of Genetics and Cytology, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, 220072, Republic of Belarus.
Biochemistry (Mosc). 2020 Aug;85(8):869-882. doi: 10.1134/S0006297920080039.
Many chemotherapy drugs block tumor cell division by damaging DNA. DNA polymerases eta (Pol η), iota (Pol ι), kappa (Pol κ), REV1 of the Y-family and zeta (Pol ζ) of the B-family efficiently incorporate nucleotides opposite a number of DNA lesions during translesion DNA synthesis. Primase-polymerase PrimPol and the Pol α-primase complex reinitiate DNA synthesis downstream of the damaged sites using their DNA primase activity. These enzymes can decrease the efficacy of chemotherapy drugs, contribute to the survival of tumor cells and to the progression of malignant diseases. DNA polymerases are promising targets for increasing the effectiveness of chemotherapy, and mutations and polymorphisms in some DNA polymerases can serve as additional prognostic markers in a number of oncological disorders.
许多化疗药物通过损伤 DNA 来阻止肿瘤细胞分裂。Y 家族的 DNA 聚合酶 eta（Pol η）、iota（Pol ι）、kappa（Pol κ）、REV1 和 B 家族的 zeta（Pol ζ）在跨损伤 DNA 合成过程中能够有效地将核苷酸掺入到许多 DNA 损伤部位的对面。引物酶-聚合酶 PrimPol 和 Pol α-引物酶复合物利用其 DNA 引物酶活性在损伤部位的下游重新启动 DNA 合成。这些酶可以降低化疗药物的疗效，促进肿瘤细胞的存活，并促进恶性疾病的进展。DNA 聚合酶是提高化疗效果的有前途的靶点，一些 DNA 聚合酶的突变和多态性可以作为许多肿瘤疾病的附加预后标志物。
