Frauman A G, Jerums G, Louis W J
Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 1987 Jul-Aug;3(4):197-202. doi: 10.1016/s0168-8227(87)80039-6.
The comparative effects of intranasal and subcutaneous insulin on blood glucose and insulin levels are described in non-obese type II diabetics, in the fasting state and following a standard meal. In the fasting studies, intranasal insulin (30 units) produced a single early insulin peak. Elevated insulin levels and their hypoglycaemic effect persisted for less than 2 h whereas with subcutaneous insulin (8 units) elevated insulin levels and evidence of hypoglycaemic action were still present at 4 h. By contrast, in the meal studies both forms of insulin had similar effects on serum insulin levels and blood glucose. Moreover elevated insulin levels and evidence of reduction in post-prandial hyperglycaemia were now present at 4 h with both intranasal and subcutaneous insulin administration. Intranasal insulin in combination with a test meal now produced a biphasic insulin profile more closely resembling the normal insulin response to a meal, and reflecting the combined effects of endogenous and exogenous insulin.
在非肥胖型II型糖尿病患者中，描述了空腹状态下以及进食标准餐后经鼻内和皮下注射胰岛素对血糖和胰岛素水平的比较效果。在空腹研究中，经鼻内注射胰岛素（30单位）产生了一个单一的早期胰岛素峰值。胰岛素水平升高及其降血糖作用持续时间不到2小时，而皮下注射胰岛素（8单位）在4小时时胰岛素水平仍升高且有降血糖作用的迹象。相比之下，在进食研究中，两种形式的胰岛素对血清胰岛素水平和血糖有相似的影响。此外，经鼻内和皮下注射胰岛素后，4小时时胰岛素水平升高且有餐后高血糖降低的迹象。经鼻内胰岛素与试验餐联合使用现在产生了双相胰岛素曲线，更类似于正常情况下对一餐的胰岛素反应，并反映了内源性和外源性胰岛素的联合作用。
