Kumar Roshan, Register Karen, Christopher-Hennings Jane, Moroni Paolo, Gioia Gloria, Garcia-Fernandez Nuria, Nelson Julia, Jelinski Murray D, Lysnyansky Inna, Bayles Darrell, Alt David, Scaria Joy
Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA.
South Dakota Center for Biologics Research and Commercialization, Brookings, SD 57007, USA.
Microorganisms. 2020 Oct 10;8(10):1561. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms8101561.
Among more than twenty species belonging to the class Mollecutes, is the most common cause of bovine mycoplasmosis in North America and Europe. Bovine mycoplasmosis causes significant economic loss in the cattle industry. The number of positive herds recently has increased in North America and Europe. Since antibiotic treatment is ineffective and no efficient vaccine is available, induced mycoplasmosis is primarily controlled by herd management measures such as the restriction of moving infected animals out of the herds and culling of infected or shedders of To better understand the population structure and genomic factors that may contribute to its transmission, we sequenced 147 strains isolated from four different countries viz. USA ( = 121), Canada ( = 22), Israel ( = 3) and Lithuania ( = 1). All except two of the isolates (KRB1 and KRB8) were isolated from two host types i.e., bovine ( = 75) and bison ( = 70). We performed a large-scale comparative analysis of genomes by integrating 103 publicly available genomes and our dataset (250 total genomes). Whole genome single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) based phylogeny using as an outgroup revealed that population structure is composed of five different clades. USA isolates showed a high degree of genomic divergence in comparison to the Australian isolates. Based on host of origin, all the isolates in clade IV was of bovine origin, whereas majority of the isolates in clades III and V was of bison origin. Our comparative genome analysis also revealed that has an open pangenome with a large breadth of unexplored diversity of genes. The function based analysis of autogenous vaccine candidates ( = 10) included in this study revealed that their functional diversity does not span the genomic diversity observed in all five clades identified in this study. Our study also found that genome harbors a large number of IS elements and their number increases significantly ( = 7.8x10) as the genome size increases. Collectively, the genome data and the whole genome-based population analysis in this study may help to develop better understanding of induced mycoplasmosis in cattle.
在柔膜菌纲的二十多个物种中，是北美和欧洲牛支原体病最常见的病因。牛支原体病给养牛业造成了重大经济损失。最近，北美和欧洲阳性牛群的数量有所增加。由于抗生素治疗无效且没有有效的疫苗，诱发的支原体病主要通过畜群管理措施来控制，如限制感染动物移出畜群以及扑杀感染动物或支原体 shedding 者。为了更好地了解可能有助于其传播的种群结构和基因组因素，我们对从四个不同国家分离的147株菌株进行了测序，即美国（ = 121）、加拿大（ = 22）、以色列（ = 3）和立陶宛（ = 1）。除了两株分离株（KRB1和KRB8）外，所有分离株均从两种宿主类型中分离得到，即牛（ = 75）和野牛（ = 70）。我们通过整合103个公开可用的基因组和我们的数据集（共250个基因组）对基因组进行了大规模比较分析。以 作为外群，基于全基因组单核苷酸多态性（SNP）的系统发育分析表明，种群结构由五个不同的进化枝组成。与澳大利亚分离株相比，美国分离株显示出高度的基因组差异。根据起源宿主，进化枝IV中的所有分离株均来自牛，而进化枝III和V中的大多数分离株来自野牛。我们的比较基因组分析还表明，具有一个开放的泛基因组，具有大量未探索的基因多样性。对本研究中包含的自体疫苗候选物（ = 10）进行的基于功能的分析表明，它们的功能多样性并不涵盖本研究中鉴定的所有五个进化枝中观察到的基因组多样性。我们的研究还发现，基因组中含有大量的IS元件，并且随着基因组大小的增加，它们的数量显著增加（ = 7.8x10）。总体而言，本研究中的基因组数据和基于全基因组的种群分析可能有助于更好地了解牛的诱发支原体病。
