Universidade Estadual do Maranhão - UEMA, Programa de Pós- Graduação em Biodiversidade Ambiente e Saúde, Laboratório de Genética e Biologia Molecular, Caxias, MA, Brasil.
Universidade Estadual do Maranhão - UEMA, Laboratório de Genética e Biologia Molecular - GENBIMOL, Caxias, MA, Brasil.
Braz J Biol. 2021 Oct-Dec;81(4):917-927. doi: 10.1590/1519-6984.231598. Epub 2021 Nov 30.
The trahira or wolf fish - Hoplias malabaricus- is a valid species, although recent cytogenetic and molecular studies have indicated the existence of a species complex. In this context, the present study analyzed the mitochondrial COI marker to determine the levels of genetic diversity of specimens from the Brazilian state of Maranhão, and verify the occurrence of distinct lineages within the study area. Samples were collected from the basins of the Turiaçu, Pindaré, Mearim, Itapecuru, and Parnaíba rivers. A 630-bp fragment was obtained from 211 specimens, with 484 conserved and 108 variable sites, and 60 haplotypes (Hd = 0,947; π = 0,033). The phylogenetic analyses indicated the existence of three distinct lineages of H. malabaricus from Maranhão. Genetic distances of 1.5-8.2% were found between all the populations analyzed, while the variation between haplogroups ranged from 2.1% to 7.7%. The AMOVA indicated that most of the molecular variation was found among groups, with high FST values. The high levels of genetic variability found in the present study are supported by the available cytogenetic data. These findings reinforce the need for the development of effective programs of conservation and management independently for each river basin, in order to preserve the genetic variability found in this taxon.
Trahira 或狼鱼 - Hoplias malabaricus- 是一个有效的物种，尽管最近的细胞遗传学和分子研究表明存在一个物种复合体。在这种情况下，本研究分析了线粒体 COI 标记，以确定来自巴西马拉尼昂州标本的遗传多样性水平，并验证研究区域内是否存在不同的谱系。样本取自图里亚苏、平达雷、梅阿里姆、伊塔佩库里和帕纳伊巴河流域。从 211 个样本中获得了 630-bp 的片段，其中有 484 个保守位点和 108 个可变位点，以及 60 个单倍型（Hd = 0,947；π = 0,033）。系统发育分析表明，来自马拉尼昂州的 H. malabaricus 存在三个不同的谱系。所有分析的种群之间存在 1.5-8.2%的遗传距离，而单倍群之间的变异范围为 2.1%-7.7%。AMOVA 表明，大多数分子变异存在于群体之间，具有较高的 FST 值。本研究中发现的高水平遗传变异性得到了现有细胞遗传学数据的支持。这些发现加强了需要为每个流域独立制定有效的保护和管理计划的必要性，以保护该分类单元中发现的遗传多样性。
