Savoi Stefania, Eitle Markus W, Berger Harald, Curto Manuel, Meimberg Harald, Griesser Michaela, Forneck Astrid
Department of Crop Sciences, Institute of Viticulture and Pomology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Konrad Lorenz Straße 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria.
Institute Agro, UMR AGAP, Montpellier University, CIRAD, INRAe, Via P. Viala, 34060 Montpellier, France.
Insects. 2020 Oct 12;11(10):691. doi: 10.3390/insects11100691.
Grape phylloxera is one of the most dangerous insect pests for worldwide viticulture. The leaf- and root-galling phylloxerid has been managed by grafting European grapevines onto American rootstock hybrids. Recent reports pinpoint the appearance of host-adapted biotypes, but information about the biomolecular characteristics underlying grape phylloxera biotypisation and its role in host performance is scarce. Using RNA-sequencing, we sequenced the transcriptome of two larval stages: L1 (probing) and L2-3 (feeding) larvae of two root-feeding grape phylloxera lineages feeding on the rootstock Teleki 5C (biotype C) and Riesling (biotype A). In total, 7501 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were commonly modulated by the two biotypes. For the probing larvae, we found an increased number of DEGs functionally associated with insect chemoreception traits, such as odorant-binding proteins, chemosensory proteins, ionotropic, odorant, and gustatory receptors. The transcriptomic profile of feeding larvae was enriched with DEGs associated with the primary metabolism. Larvae feeding on the tolerant rootstock Teleki 5C exhibited higher numbers of plant defense suppression-associated DEGs than larvae feeding on the susceptible host. Based on the identified DEGs, we discuss their potential role for the compatible grape phylloxera- interaction belowground. This study was the first to compare the transcriptomes of two grape phylloxera lineages feeding on a tolerant and susceptible host, respectively, and to identify DEGs involved in the molecular interaction with these hosts. Our data provide a source for future studies on host adaptation mechanisms of grape phylloxera and help to elucidate grape phylloxera resistance further.
葡萄根瘤蚜是全球葡萄栽培中最危险的害虫之一。这种叶部和根部形成虫瘿的根瘤蚜一直通过将欧洲葡萄藤嫁接到美洲砧木杂交品种上进行防治。最近的报告指出了宿主适应性生物型的出现，但关于葡萄根瘤蚜生物型化背后的生物分子特征及其在宿主表现中的作用的信息却很少。我们利用RNA测序技术，对以砧木Teleki 5C（生物型C）和雷司令（生物型A）为食的两种根部取食的葡萄根瘤蚜谱系的两个幼虫阶段（L1（刺探）幼虫和L2 - 3（取食）幼虫）的转录组进行了测序。两种生物型共同调控了总共7501个差异表达基因（DEG）。对于刺探幼虫，我们发现与昆虫化学感受特征功能相关的差异表达基因数量增加，如气味结合蛋白、化学感受蛋白、离子型、气味和味觉受体。取食幼虫的转录组图谱富含与初级代谢相关的差异表达基因。取食耐受性砧木Teleki 5C的幼虫比取食易感宿主的幼虫表现出更多与植物防御抑制相关的差异表达基因。基于已鉴定的差异表达基因，我们讨论了它们在地下葡萄根瘤蚜与宿主兼容相互作用中的潜在作用。本研究首次比较了分别取食耐受性和易感宿主的两种葡萄根瘤蚜谱系的转录组，并鉴定了参与与这些宿主分子相互作用的差异表达基因。我们的数据为未来研究葡萄根瘤蚜宿主适应机制提供了资源，并有助于进一步阐明葡萄根瘤蚜抗性。
